Charting Peptide Shared Sequences Between 'Diabetes-Viruses' and Human Pancreatic Proteins, Their Structural and Autoimmune Implications.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic syndrome characterized by hyperglycaemia, polydipsia, polyuria, and weight loss, among others. The pathophysiology for the disorders is complex and results in pancreatic abnormal function. Viruses have also been implicated in the metabolic syndrome.

A Critical Review of AMR Risks Arising as a Consequence of Using Biocides and Certain Metals in Food Animal Production.

The focus of this review was to assess what evidence exists on whether, and to what extent, the use of biocides (disinfectants and sanitizers) and certain metals (used in feed and other uses) in animal production (both land and aquatic) leads to the development and spread of AMR within the food chain. A comprehensive literature search identified 3434 publications, which after screening were reduced to 154 relevant publications from which some data were extracted to address the focus of the review. The review has shown that there is some evidence that biocides and metals used in food animal production may have an impact on the development of AMR.

The effects of shift-work schedules on the sleep, health, safety, and quality of life of police employees during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction: The negative health and safety consequences of police fatigue are increasingly recognized as a critical problem. This study's objective was to measure the effects of different shift schedules on police employee health, safety, and quality of life.

Methods: A cross sectional research design surveyed employees ( = 319) from a large, U.

Examination of Clinical and Assessment Type Differences Between Toddlers with ASD from Multiplex and Simplex Families.

Few studies have examined differences in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) phenotype between children from multiplex and simplex families at the time of diagnosis. The present study used an age- and gender-matched, community-based sample (n = 105) from the southwestern United States to examine differences in ASD symptom severity, cognitive development, and adaptive functioning. No significant differences between children from multiplex and simplex families were observed.

Consistency between parent report and direct assessment of development in toddlers with autism spectrum disorder and other delays: Does sex assigned at birth matter?

The current study examined differences between parent report and diagnostician direct assessment of receptive language, expressive language, and fine motor abilities in toddlers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other delays. Additionally, this study examined whether parent-diagnostician consistency varied by child diagnosis and sex assigned at birth (SAB). Initial mixed analysis of variances (ANOVAs) were conducted using data from a sample of 646 toddlers to examine whether parent-diagnostician consistency differed by child diagnosis.

The Impact of 12 h Night Shifts on Nurses' Driving Safety.

: The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of 12 h day vs. 12 h night shift-accumulated fatigue on nurses' driving safety. : Evidence across industries links work-related fatigue with errors, accidents, and adverse long-term health outcomes.

Implementing the Get SET Early Model in a Community Setting to Lower the Age of ASD Diagnosis.

Objective: The objective of this study was to implement a validated, university-based early detection program, the Get SET Early model, in a community-based setting. Get SET was developed to improve Screening, Evaluation, and Treatment referral practices. Specifically, its purpose was to lower the age of diagnosis and enable toddlers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to begin treatment by 36 months.

Observational case series of postural tachycardia syndrome (PoTS) in post-COVID-19 patients.

There is emerging evidence that a proportion of patients who develop long (post)-COVID-19 have abnormalities in the regulation of their autonomic nervous system manifesting as postural tachycardia syndrome (PoTS). We report a series of 14 patients who developed symptoms and signs compatible with PoTS following clinically diagnosed COVID-19 infection. Their symptoms and clinical findings were consistent with those of patients with non-COVID-related PoTS.

Working hours, sleep, and fatigue in the public safety sector: A scoping review of the research.

Background: The public safety sector includes law enforcement officers (LEO), corrections officers (CO), firefighter service (FF), wildland firefighting (WFF), and emergency medical services (EMS), as defined in the National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA) of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Across these occupations, shiftwork, long-duration shifts, and excessive overtime are common. Our objective was to identify research gaps related to working hours, sleep, and fatigue among these workers.

Pilot Test of "NIOSH Training for Law Enforcement on Shift Work and Long Work Hours".

Objective: Pilot test the effectiveness of an online training program for managing shift work and long work hours.

Method: Fifty-seven officers from across the United States participated for 12 weeks in a pre-test, training intervention, post-test design assessing the following measures: sleep using actigraphy, diaries, and surveys; knowledge and feedback about the training using surveys.

Results: After the training, actigraphy data showed significant reductions in sleep latency and awakenings during sleep.

Electromagnetic field controlled domain wall displacement for induced strain tailoring in BaTiO-epoxy nanocomposite.

Failure in an epoxy polymer composite material is prone to initiate by the coalescence of microcracks in its polymer matrix. As such, matrix toughening via addition of a second phase as rigid or/and rubber nano/micro-particles is one of the most popular approaches to improve the fracture toughness across multiple scales in a polymer composite, which dissipates fracture energy via deformation mechanisms and microcracks arrest. Few studies have focused on tailorable and variable toughening, so-called 'active toughening', mainly suggesting thermally induced strains which offer slow and irreversible toughening due to polymer's poor thermal conductivity.

Sensitivity and specificity of pupillary light reflex measures for ASD using monocular pupillometry.

Introduction: Automated hand-held pupillometry demonstrates precision accuracy, offering promise for augmenting ASD screening.

Methods: Monocular pupillometry was examined in children and adolescents (36 ASD; 24 TD). Multiple logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic analysis assessed PLR metrics and diagnostic status.

Heterogeneity of Diabetes: β-Cells, Phenotypes, and Precision Medicine: Proceedings of an International Symposium of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research's Institute of Nutrition, Metabolism and Diabetes and the U.S. National Institutes of Health's National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.

One hundred years have passed since the discovery of insulin-an achievement that transformed diabetes from a fatal illness into a manageable chronic condition. The decades since that momentous achievement have brought ever more rapid innovation and advancement in diabetes research and clinical care. To celebrate the important work of the past century and help to chart a course for its continuation into the next, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research's Institute of Nutrition, Metabolism and Diabetes and the U.

A systematic bioinformatics approach for large-scale identification and characterization of host-pathogen shared sequences.

Background: Biology has entered the era of big data with the advent of high-throughput omics technologies. Biological databases provide public access to petabytes of data and information facilitating knowledge discovery. Over the years, sequence data of pathogens has seen a large increase in the number of records, given the relatively small genome size and their important role as infectious and symbiotic agents.

Psychometric Evaluation of the Creighton Competency Evaluation Instrument in a Population of Working Nurses.

Background And Purpose: This study explored the psychometric properties of the Creighton Competency Evaluation Instrument (C-CEI), previously validated for use with nursing students, to assess simulation performance among registered nurses working 12-hour shifts. Valid and reliable measurements are needed to test clinical and simulation competencies and characterize the effects of fatigue on nursing performance.

Methods: Trained raters scored nurses' patient care performance in simulation scenarios using the C-CEI.

The effects of three consecutive 12-hour shifts on cognition, sleepiness, and domains of nursing performance in day and night shift nurses: A quasi-experimental study.

Background: Healthcare systems have widely adopted consecutive 12 h day and night shifts for nurses, but the effects of these shifts on cognition, sleepiness, and nursing performance remains understudied.

Objective: To determine the extent of changes in cognition and sleepiness in nurses working three consecutive 12 h shifts, quantify the respective impacts of these changes on different aspects of nursing performance, and investigate individual differences in all measures.

Design: A quasi-experimental, between-within design collected data from nurses between November 2018 and March 2020.

Dadaist2: A Toolkit to Automate and Simplify Statistical Analysis and Plotting of Metabarcoding Experiments.

The taxonomic composition of microbial communities can be assessed using universal marker amplicon sequencing. The most common taxonomic markers are the 16S rDNA for bacterial communities and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region for fungal communities, but various other markers are used for barcoding eukaryotes. A crucial step in the bioinformatic analysis of amplicon sequences is the identification of representative sequences.

Sub-structure-based screening and molecular docking studies of potential enteroviruses inhibitors.

Rhinoviruses (RV), especially Human rhinovirus (HRVs) have been accepted as the most common cause for upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). Pleconaril, a broad spectrum anti-rhinoviral compound, has been used as a drug of choice for URTIs for over a decade. Unfortunately, for various complications associated with this drug, it was rejected, and a replacement is highly desirable.

High sensitivity pressure measurement using optical fibre sensors mounted on a composite diaphragm.

A pressure sensor specified for aerodynamic applications and based on optical fibre strain sensors mounted on a circular glass fibre reinforced polymer membrane is presented. The use of two fibre optic strain sensing technologies is explored, the novel intrinsic fibre segment interferometry (FSI) approach and fibre Bragg gratings (FBGs), with the use of FSI shown to offer a pressure resolution that is 15 times larger than that achieved using an FBG. A number of design and fabrication issues are considered, including the position of the fibres relative to the neutral axis of the membrane and the influence of the membrane support structure on the thermal and pressure sensitivities of the sensor, with particular regards to pressure and temperature discrimination.

Observational case series describing features of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in Postural Tachycardia Syndrome (PoTS).

Postural Tachycardia Syndrome (PoTS) is a chronic condition often affecting multiple systems with varied presenting symptoms. Diagnosis is made by demonstrating cardiovascular criteria on standing along with clinical assessment. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing has been used to demonstrate and characterise the physiological response to exercise and the severity of the syndrome.

Long-period grating fiber-optic sensors exploiting molecularly imprinted TiO nanothin films with photocatalytic self-cleaning ability.

Highly sensitive and selective long-period grating (LPG) fiber-optic sensors modified with molecularly imprinted TiO nanothin films were fabricated. The films were deposited onto the surface of the optical fiber via liquid-phase deposition (LPD), using tetrakis(N-methylpyridinium-4-yl)porphyrin (TMPyP) as a template. Three LPG resonance bands were monitored during film deposition, which was of duration 4.

Early Autism Diagnosis in the Primary Care Setting.

As the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has increased in recent years, so too has the body of research describing the importance of early diagnosis and early intervention. Unfortunately, a large proportion of children with the disorder do not receive a diagnosis until after their fourth birthday. Various reasons exist for late diagnosis, including limited understanding of nuanced early warning signs and limited knowledge of effective early detection mechanisms among healthcare providers.

Sleep health and predicted cognitive effectiveness of nurses working 12-hour shifts: an observational study.

Background: Due to the 24hr nature of society, shift work has become an integral part of many industries. Within the literature there exists an abundance of evidence linking shift work-related sleep restriction and fatigue with errors, accidents, and adverse long-term health outcomes.

Objective: The study goal was to physiologically measure sleep patterns and predicted cognitive decline of nurses working both 12hr day and night shifts to address the growing concern about sleep restriction among healthcare workers.