Protein Supplementation and Grazing Behavior for Cows on Differing Late-Season Rangeland Grazing Systems.

The objective was to determine if low- or high-residual feed intake (LRFI or HRFI, = 24 for each) Hereford × Angus cows on continuously or rotationally grazed rangeland altered their grazing behavior when provided a protein supplement in late autumn. Treatments included continuously grazed, control (CCON, = 12); continuously grazed, supplemented (CTRT, = 12); rotationally grazed, control (RCON, = 12); and rotationally grazed, supplemented pastures (RTRT, = 12). Cows in each treatment had grazing time (GT), resting time (RT), and walking time (WLK) measured for 2 years with accelerometers.

Grazing behavior and production for lactating cows differing in residual feed intake while grazing spring and summer rangeland.

The objectives were to determine if previously classified, efficient (LRFI, low-residual-feed intake, = 12 × 2 yr) vs. inefficient (HRFI, high-residual-feed intake, = 12 × 2 yr) lactating 2-yr-old Hereford × Angus cows differed in grazing behavior, body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS), and calf weaning weight while grazing rugged rangeland pastures. Cows were fitted with grazing halters containing both an accelerometer and a global positioning system (GPS) data logger during June 14 to July 4, 2016, August 2 to 25, 2016, May 23 to June 12, 2017, and August 5 to 28, 2017.

Effects of a long-acting trace mineral rumen bolus upon range cow productivity.

The objectives were to determine if strategic supplementation of range cows in central Arizona with either two or four long acting (6 mo) trace mineral rumen boluses containing Cu, Se, and Co would: 1) decrease yearly calving interval; 2) increase cow body condition, milk production, or calf adjusted weaning weights; and 3) to see if any of the above traits varied by cow breed. There were 194 Hereford (H) and 132 Composite (CGC; 50% Red Angus, 25% Tarentaise, 25% Charolais) control cows, 173 H and 125 CGC 1X treated (2 boluses in late winter) cows, and 183 H and 117 CGC 2X treated (2 boluses in autumn and 2 in late winter) cows used over the 4-yr period. Cows were weighed and scored for body condition (1-9, 9 = fattest) in February, May, and September of each year.

Grazing behavior and production characteristics among cows differing in residual feed intake while grazing late season Idaho rangeland.

The objectives were to determine whether cows previously classified during a postweaning test as either low or high residual feed intake (LRFI or HRFI) differed in BW, BCS, and winter grazing activity while consuming poor-quality forage. Thirty Hereford × Angus (LRFI = 16; HRFI = 14) 2-yr-old mid- to late-gestation cows (pregnant with second calf) grazed sagebrush steppe for 78 d beginning 29 September 2015. BW and BCS were collected before and after grazing.

Intermolecular biological electron transfer: an electrochemical approach.

We investigated the electron transfer (ET) rates between a well-defined gold electrode and cytochrome c immobilized at the carboxylic acid terminus of alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) by using the potential modulated electroreflectance technique. A logarithmic plot of ET rates against the chain length of the alkanethiol is linear with long chain alkanethiols. The ET rates become independent of the chain length with short alkanethiols.