Uropathogen antibiogram regional variations-Are Australian antimicrobial guidelines appropriate?

Objectives: The objectives of this study are as follows: to assess the uropathogen antibiogram at two tertiary hospitals in Victoria to look at the difference in susceptibility patterns, to assess whether national guideline recommendations were applicable and to assess the feasibility of local antibiogram analysis to guide development of hospital-specific guidelines for empirical treatment of urosepsis and for pre-operative prophylaxis for urological procedures.

Patients And Methods: All positive urine cultures analysed at Barwon Health and Monash Health, two tertiary hospitals in regional and metropolitan Victoria, Australia, respectively, between January 2019 and December 2020 were retrospectively identified. Data obtained included the organism cultured and their susceptibility profiles.

Jackstones in the renal pelvis: A rare calculus.

Jackstones are a rare subtype of calculi, characterised by radiating spicules. We describe a case of multiple jackstones in the urinary upper tract. A 53-year-old man was referred for evaluation of left flank pain.

Obstructed kidney secondary to a benign renal fibroepithelial polyp: A rare and interesting case.

Renal fibroepithelial polyp (FEP) is a very rare tumour and we describe a case causing acute ureteric obstruction. A 56 year old lady presented with presumed pyelonephritis and left hydronephrosis, without calculi. She was transferred to a tertiary hospital urology service where after an unsuccessful retrograde attempt at stent insertion, a nephrostomy was inserted.

The modified International Society of Urological Pathology system improves concordance between biopsy and prostatectomy tumour grade.

Objectives: To assess the concordance between biopsy and radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens using the 2005 Gleason score (GS) and the International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) 2014/World Health Organization 2016 modified system, accounting for the introduction of transperineal biopsy and pre-biopsy multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI).

Patients And Methods: Between 2002 and 2019, we identified 2431 patients with paired biopsy and RP histopathology from a prospectively recorded and maintained prostate cancer database. Biopsy specimens were graded according to the 2005 GS or ISUP 2014 modified system, according to the year of diagnosis.

Primary basal cell carcinoma of the prostate with concurrent adenocarcinoma.

Introduction: Prostatic basal cell carcinoma is an extremely rare tumor, exhibiting various histopathological features and clinical spectrums of disease.

Case Presentation: A 69-year-old male presented to our department with 2 years of voiding difficulty and intermittent macroscopic hematuria. With a presumed diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia, he underwent a transurethral resection of the prostate.

Extended-spectrum β-lactamase in the rectal flora of patients undergoing transrectal prostate biopsy: a study of the prevalence in a major metropolitan hospital.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) in patients undergoing transrectal prostate biopsy, to assess the incidence of postoperative sepsis, to correlate the development of sepsis with the presence of preoperative ESBL on rectal swabs, and to assess the adequacy of prophylactic antibiotic guidelines in the context of local ESBL prevalence.

Methods: Patients undergoing transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS)-guided biopsy at the Royal Melbourne Hospital between January 2012 and July 2016 had rectal swabs taken immediately prior to TRUS with specific cultures to identify the presence of ESBL. Patients were given a prophylactic antibiotic, 500 mg oral ciprofloxacin, 1 h before the TRUS procedure.

Urolithiasis - Ten things every general practitioner should know.

Background: Upper urinary tract stones are a common problem in Australia, with an incidence of 0.13% per year, and a lifetime prevalence of up to 15% in males and 8% in females. Many of these patients first present to general practitioners (GPs), so a thorough understanding of the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of stone disease is an important part of any GP's arsenal.

Impact of Brassica and Lucerne Finishing Feeds and Intramuscular Fat on Lamb Eating Quality and Flavor. A Cross-Cultural Study Using Chinese and Non-Chinese Australian Consumers.

Use of forage brassicas (Brassica napus) and lucerne (alfalfa; Medicago sativa) as ruminant feeds has been linked to unacceptable flavors in sheepmeat. Lambs from low and high intramuscular fat sires were allocated to one of four finishing feeds-perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), lucerne, and two brassica forages-for a 6 week period. Grilled loins (Longissimus thoracis et lumborum) were subjected to chemical and sensory analysis by a trained panel and also evaluated by non-Chinese and Chinese background Australian consumers.

Trends in penile cancer: a comparative study between Australia, England and Wales, and the US.

Purpose: To investigate and compare the trends in incidence and mortality of penile cancer between Australia, England and Wales, and the US, and provide hypotheses for these trends.

Methods: Cancer registry data from 1982 to 2005 inclusive were obtained from Australia, England and Wales, and the United States. From these data, age-specific, -standardised and mortality:incidence ratios were calculated, and compared.

Calculus-related ureteral intussusception: A case report and literature review.

Introduction: Ureteral intussusception is a rarely reported condition, primarily as a complication of ureteric tumours. Fewer than 30 case reports have been made. This case represents the first reported case, to our knowledge, of ureteral intussusception caused by a ureteric calculus.

Expression and functional role of negative signalling regulators in tumour development and progression.

Alterations in intracellular signalling pathways such as the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are key common mechanisms of tumour development and progression. As such, there has been intense research into developing drugs that can inhibit or attenuate intracellular signalling. In recent years, there has been increasing recognition that the cell already has innate negative regulatory proteins that achieve this in normal homeostasis.