Performance of AI chatbots on controversial topics in oral medicine, pathology, and radiology.

Objectives: In this study, we assessed 6 different artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots (Bing, GPT-3.5, GPT-4, Google Bard, Claude, Sage) responses to controversial and difficult questions in oral pathology, oral medicine, and oral radiology.

Study Design: The chatbots' answers were evaluated by board-certified specialists using a modified version of the global quality score on a 5-point Likert scale.

Generative Adversarial Networks in Digital Histopathology: Current Applications, Limitations, Ethical Considerations, and Future Directions.

Generative adversarial networks (GANs) have gained significant attention in the field of image synthesis, particularly in computer vision. GANs consist of a generative model and a discriminative model trained in an adversarial setting to generate realistic and novel data. In the context of image synthesis, the generator produces synthetic images, whereas the discriminator determines their authenticity by comparing them with real examples.

Constitutive Hedgehog/GLI2 signaling drives extracutaneous basaloid squamous cell carcinoma development and bone remodeling.

Uncontrolled activation of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway, operating through GLI transcription factors, plays a central role in the pathogenesis of cutaneous basal cell carcinoma and contributes to the development of several malignancies arising in extracutaneous sites. We now report that K5-tTA;tetO-Gli2 bitransgenic mice develop distinctive epithelial tumors within their jaws. These tumors consist of large masses of highly proliferative, monomorphous, basaloid cells with scattered foci of keratinization and central necrosis, mimicking human basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC), an aggressive upper aerodigestive tract tumor.

Microsecretory Adenocarcinoma: A Novel Salivary Gland Tumor Characterized by a Recurrent MEF2C-SS18 Fusion.

Salivary gland adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified (NOS) is a heterogenous group, likely containing distinct tumors not yet characterized. A growing number of low to intermediate-grade salivary carcinomas are now known to harbor tumor-specific gene fusions. On occasion, identifying a novel fusion allows for recognition of a new salivary tumor type, in addition to representing a potential diagnostic tool.

Corrigendum to "The Role of Medications in Causing Dry Eye".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2012/285851.].

Utility of Transfacial Dental Ultrasonography in Evaluation of Cystic Jaw Lesions.

Objectives: Plain radiography has been widely used in dentistry. Because of the variability of the quality of equipment, radiographic technique, accuracy of interpretation, and radiation risk to the patients, the field is ripe for the introduction of other newer diagnostic modalities. In this report, we demonstrate the utility of ultrasonography in the diagnostic workup of cystic or cystlike lesions of the jaw.

Oral medicine (stomatology) across the globe: birth, growth, and future.

Oral medicine (stomatology) is a recognized and increasingly important dental specialty in many parts of the world that recognizes and fosters the interplay between medical health and oral health. Its dental activities rely greatly on the underlying biology of disease and evidence-based outcomes. However, full recognition of the importance of oral medicine to patient care, research, and education is not yet totally universally acknowledged.

Clinical practice guidelines for oral management of Sjögren disease: Dental caries prevention.

Background: Salivary dysfunction in Sjögren disease can lead to serious and costly oral health complications. Clinical practice guidelines for caries prevention in Sjögren disease were developed to improve quality and consistency of care.

Methods: A national panel of experts devised clinical questions in a Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes format and included use of fluoride, salivary stimulants, antimicrobial agents, and nonfluoride remineralizing agents.

Cetuximab activity in dysplastic lesions of the upper aerodigestive tract.

Background: High risk head and neck mucosal premalignancy has a malignant conversion rate of up to 40%, despite adequate surgical therapy. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) blocking agents, including cetuximab, have shown activity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and have potential for therapy in high risk premalignancy.

Methods: We conducted a randomized, prospective, phase II clinical trial to determine the effects of cetuximab on patients with high risk premalignancy.

Oral mucosal precancer and cancer: A helpful discriminating clinical tool.

The authors have collaborated with many colleagues in several countries in formulating a useful and practical clinical tool for evaluating oral mucosal findings on routine examination. Consideration of several factors including history, evolution of positive findings and clinical information allows placement of examination results into one of three categories which are graded by a color scheme along a spectrum of concerns (green to red, or no concern to serious concern). Afforded to the clinician is a straightforward grading system as a starting point for office end clinic use for all patients.

Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma of the head and neck: Case report, literature review, and pooled analysis of 97 cases.

Background: Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS) is a rare lymphoid neoplasm presenting in the head and neck. There are no pooled analyses of head and neck FDCS cases in the English language literature.

Methods: A MEDLINE and PubMed review of cases from 1978 to February 2014 was performed.

Head and neck, oral, and oropharyngeal cancer: a review of medicolegal cases.

Objective: The purpose was to review cases of malpractice in head and neck cancer (HNC) in order to examine allegations and outcomes of the litigation and to assess the implications for best practices in the clinical care of patients with HNC.

Materials And Methods: Three U.S.

Evaluation of prophylaxis treatment of Candida in alaryngeal patients with tracheoesophageal voice prostheses.

Objectives/hypothesis: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of nystatin and Biotène(®) mouthwash Oral Rinse for controlling Candida in total laryngectomy (TL) patients with a tracheosophageal voice prosthesis (TEP) because Biotène(®) mouthwash Oral Rinse is a less costly alternative to nystatin and requires less adherence time.

Study Design: Randomized, unblinded, crossover trial.

Methods: Twenty-one TL patients were randomized to receive nystatin followed by Biotène(®) mouthwash Oral Rinse, or the reverse order, after a basic oral-care phase (i.

Current management strategies for verrucous hyperkeratosis and verrucous carcinoma.

Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia, a lesion of unknown origin with no strictly defined diagnostic criteria, is worthy of great clinical concern and scrutiny. Treatment options vary, with no consensus regarding the most efficient and effective strategy. Further complicating the unusual biology and behavior of this lesion is its usual multifocal presentation and progression, with lifelong vigilance required after treatment.

The role of medications in causing dry eye.

The purpose of this paper is to review the possible role of polypharmacy in causing dry eye disease (DED), reflecting the complex interactions and complications associated with the use of multiple systemic and topical ocular medications. The pharmacological, physiological, anatomical, and histological mechanisms causing dry mouth differ little from those causing dry eye. Oral polypharmacy is the most common cause of dry mouth, but has not been investigated as a cause of dry eye.

Evidence-based clinical recommendations regarding screening for oral squamous cell carcinomas.

Background: This article presents evidence-based clinical recommendations developed by a panel convened by the American Dental Association Council on Scientific Affairs. This report addresses the potential benefits and potential risks of screening for oral squamous cell carcinomas and the use of adjunctive screening aids to visualize and detect potentially malignant and malignant oral lesions.

Types Of Studies Reviewed: The panel members conducted a systematic search of MEDLINE, identifying 332 systematic reviews and 1,499 recent clinical studies.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity and Oropharynx.

The most common malignancy to involve the oral cavity and oropharynx is squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Because these oral cancers share an origin from the squamous epithelium, the pathology of oral SCC might be expected to be uniform and its diagnosis repetitive. In reality, the morphologic diversity in SCC, along with the propensity for reactive processes of the oral cavity to mimic SCC histologically, renders its diagnosis one of the more challenging in surgical pathology.