Characterizing digital access in pediatric urology.

Background: Virtual medicine has the potential to improve access for underserved populations by facilitating timely remote evaluation. However, challenges in the real-world implementation of this technology may paradoxically exacerbate health disparities. We sought to characterize families' digital access and how social determinants of health may impact virtual medicine access within pediatric urology.

Comparison of long-term outcomes in a 10-year experience of robotic cystectomy vs. open cystectomy.

To compare the outcomes of robotic-assisted (RARC) vs. open radical cystectomy (ORC) at a single academic institution. We retrospectively identified patients undergoing radical cystectomy for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder at our institution from 2007 to 2017.

Anxiety, distress, and pain in pediatric urodynamics.

Aims: No one has assessed urodynamic studies (UDS) to determine those steps that elicit the greatest anxiety, distress, and pain in children. We sought to systematically evaluate a child's UDS experience to mollify these reactions.

Methods: Prospective study involving children aged ≥5 undergoing UDS over a 6-month period (from 10 December 2018 to 22 May 2019).

Association of Human Development Index with global bladder, kidney, prostate and testis cancer incidence and mortality.

Objectives: To describe contemporary worldwide age-standardized incidence and mortality rates for bladder, kidney, prostate and testis cancer and their association with development.

Materials And Methods: We obtained gender-specific, age-standardized incidence and mortality rates for 184 countries and 16 major world regions from the GLOBOCAN 2012 database. We compared the mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs) at national and regional levels in males and females, and assessed the association with socio-economic development using the 2014 United Nations Human Development Index (HDI).

What's in a Number? Examining the Effect of a Dedicated Research Year on H-Index and Fellowship Decision-making.

Objective: To assess the effect of a dedicated research year on the h-indices of residents and the pursuit of fellowship within a heterogeneous group of urology programs. We previously demonstrated that urology residents with a dedicated research year produce more than 2 times the number of publications than their counterparts in 5-year programs. However, we did not give consideration to the impact of these publications.

The Difference a Year Can Make: Academic Productivity of Residents in 5 vs 6-Year Urology Programs.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of a dedicated research year on academic productivity in a heterogeneous group of urology programs.

Methods: We obtained information on publication output for the past 5 years, from 2009 to 2013, of urology graduates from all 15 New York Section residency programs (n = 148). We recorded resident sex; whether the program has a dedicated year of research; number of residents per year; total number of publications per resident noting first, second, and third or greater authorship; and whether residents pursued fellowship training.

Three testicles in one hemiscrotum: an unusual presentation of polyorchidism.

Polyorchidism, or more than one testicle in a hemiscrotum, is a relatively rare phenomenon. It is often associated with several other conditions, including inguinal hernia, testicular maldescent, testicular torsion, hydrocele or hypospadias. In this report, we describe a patient who presented with three testicles in one hemiscrotum, which is a highly unusual presentation for an already uncommon condition.

Perivascular epithelioid cell tumour of the bladder.

A 39-year-old woman presented with a long history of pelvic pain and urinary urgency. Prior workup by her primary care doctor had been negative. The patient's gynaecologist ultimately referred her to a urologist following an ultrasound that revealed a possible bladder mass.

Paratesticular fibrous pseudotumour.

A 38-year-old man presented with a 2-year history of an enlarging scrotal nodule. Scrotal ultrasound revealed two soft tissue masses separate from the testicle in the right scrotum measuring 1.7 and 0.

Recurrent nephrolithiasis associated with atazanavir use.

A 64-year-old man with HIV on antiretroviral therapy (including atazanavir, a protease inhibitor) presented with left flank pain, nausea and vomiting. A kidney stone was suspected, and a CT scan demonstrated left hydronephrosis but failed to demonstrate nephrolithiasis or extrinsic compression. The patient had a ureteral stent placed which relieved his symptoms.

An animal explant model for the study of human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.

We established a human tissue explant model to facilitate study of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. We accomplished this by implanting debulked SCC, from surgical discard, into nude rats. Human SCC remained viable and continued to proliferate for at least 4 weeks and showed evidence of neovascularization.

Renal metastasis of an ovarian granulosa cell tumour inducing growth of a cystic nephroma.

A 44-year-old woman presented with a large pelvic mass. Pathology revealed a granulosa cell tumour of the left ovary. The patient was followed after surgery with inhibin B levels and interval imaging.

Ultrasonography in prostate cancer: current roles and potential applications in radiorecurrent disease.

The use of ultrasound technology for prostate cancer imaging has evolved over many years. In order to fully appreciate today's application of prostate ultrasound in the primary diagnostic setting as well as for radiorecurrent prostate cancer, it is helpful to understand the progression of this technology from its inception. This review begins with a brief history of the development of ultrasonography for the prostate.

Varicocelectomy is associated with increases in serum testosterone independent of clinical grade.

Objective: To determine whether the varicocele grade is related to the degree of improvement in serum testosterone levels after varicocelectomy.

Materials And Methods: We performed a retrospective review of men with a total serum testosterone level <400 ng/dL who had undergone microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy for infertility and/or hypogonadism. All men had clinically palpable left varicoceles and preoperative and postoperative total serum testosterone levels available.

Nonneoplastic renal cortical scarring at tumor nephrectomy predicts decline in kidney function.

Context: Evaluating nontumor portions of tumor nephrectomies is useful to diagnose nonneoplastic renal disease.

Objective: To determine the medical renal disease frequency and to assess the prognostic significance of the various renal pathologic variables with long-term follow-up in tumor nephrectomy patients.

Design: We reviewed nonneoplastic kidney sections of 456 consecutive cases from 1998 to 2008.

Salvage radical prostatectomy as management of locally recurrent prostate cancer: outcomes and complications.

Purpose: Management of prostate cancer following radiation therapy remains challenging, especially for younger men or those with life expectancy greater than 10 years. We outline the efficacy, safety and adequacy of radical prostatectomy for the treatment of radiorecurrent localized prostate cancer.

Methods: A systematic review was performed in September 2012 searching MEDLINE articles from 1980 to 2012 on salvage radical prostatectomy.

Laparoendoscopic single-site radical nephrectomy for large renal masses.

Purpose: To report our operative experience and short-term outcomes for the laparoendoscopic single-site (LESS) management of large renal tumors and tumors of advanced stage.

Patients And Methods: Ten consecutive patients underwent LESS-radical nephrectomy (RN) for large (≥ 7 cm) and/or locally advanced tumors (>T(2)). Intraoperative, postoperative, and short-term follow-up data were analyzed.

Nomograms to predict patency after microsurgical vasectomy reversal.

Purpose: After undergoing vasectomy up to 6% of men will elect to undergo vasectomy reversal. For these men paternity can be achieved with vasectomy reversal or surgical sperm retrieval coupled with assisted reproduction. Nevertheless, it remains difficult for surgeons to accurately counsel men on the chance of patency after vasectomy reversal.

Varicocele as a risk factor for androgen deficiency and effect of repair.

Objective: • To determine whether men with varicoceles have lower testosterone levels than those without and to ascertain if testosterone levels increase after varicocelectomy.

Patients And Methods: • We measured preoperative testosterone levels in 325 men with palpable varicoceles and in 510 men with vasectomy reversal without varicoceles who served as a comparison group. • The testosterone levels between groups were compared by age.

Older age is associated with similar improvements in semen parameters and testosterone after subinguinal microsurgical varicocelectomy.

Purpose: It is generally accepted that men with clinically palpable varicocele are at high risk for a progressive decrease in fertility and testosterone levels with time. Varicocelectomy is thought to improve testicular function or at least halt the accelerated decrease in testicular function associated with varicocele. Substantial controversy exists as to whether varicocelectomy is effective in older men, possibly due to irreversible testicular damage or limited potential for recovery from varicocele induced damage.

The emerging role of robotics in adrenal surgery.

Robotic surgery is being performed more frequently for a variety of urologic procedures. Since the first robotic adrenalectomy less than a decade ago, this modality has gained increased acceptance in the urologic community and has been employed with increased frequency in minimally invasive centers. This review evaluates the current literature on robotic adrenalectomy, its indications, as well as its advantages and limitations compared with other forms of surgical management of adrenal pathology.

Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for renal masses 7 centimeters or larger.

Objective: To report our operative experience and oncologic outcomes for the laparoscopic management of large renal tumors.

Methods: All laparoscopic and hand-assisted laparoscopic radical nephrectomies performed at our institution were reviewed. Thirty patients with tumors >or=7cm and a pathologic diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma were included.

Laparoscopic adrenalectomy for large adrenal masses.

Open adrenalectomy has been the gold-standard therapy for adrenal neoplasms. Minimally invasive treatments, however, have assumed a more central role in the management of these lesions. The traditional benefits of laparoscopy, including reduced blood loss, shorter hospital duration, and improved convalescence, extend to adrenal disease without compromising the oncologic efficacy of the surgery.