Effectiveness of continuing nicotine replacement after a lapse: A randomized trial.

Introduction: Four post-hoc analyses of prior trials found smokers using nicotine patch following a lapse were less likely to progress to relapse compared to those using a placebo patch following a lapse. We attempted a conceptual replication test of these results via a randomized trial of instructions to continue vs. stop nicotine patch after a lapse.

Does Tobacco Abstinence Decrease Reward Sensitivity? A Human Laboratory Test.

Introduction: Animal studies report abstinence from nicotine makes rewards less rewarding; however, the results of human tests of the effects of cessation on reward sensitivity are mixed. The current study tested reward sensitivity in abstinent smokers using more rigorous methods than most prior studies.

Methods: A human laboratory study compared outcomes for 1 week prior to quitting to those during 4 weeks postquit.

Motivational, reduction and usual care interventions for smokers who are not ready to quit: a randomized controlled trial.

Aims: To test whether, in comparison to usual care, brief motivational or reduction interventions increase quit attempts (QA) or abstinence among smokers who are not ready to quit.

Design: A parallel-group randomized controlled trial of brief motivational (n = 185), reduction (n = 186) or usual care (n = 189) telephone interventions delivered over the course of 4 weeks. Outcomes were assessed at 6- and 12-month follow-ups.

Environmental cues and attempts to change in daily cannabis users: An intensive longitudinal study.

Introduction: We tested whether environmental cues prompt or inhibit quit or reduction attempts among heavy cannabis users.

Methods: We recruited 196 daily cannabis users who intended to stop or reduce at some point in the next 3 months. Users called an Interactive Voice Response system daily over 3 months to report on cues that might prompt an attempt to quit or reduce (e.

Attempts to stop or reduce daily cannabis use: An intensive natural history study.

We attempted to replicate and add to our prior study of attempts to stop or reduce cannabis use among daily cannabis users trying to change on their own, by observing a larger sample and adding further clinically relevant outcomes. Daily users (n = 193) who intended to stop or reduce sometime in the next 3 months called an Interactive Voice Response system each morning for 3 months to report on cannabis use, attempts to stop or reduce, withdrawal symptoms, and so forth, on the prior day. This study replicated our prior findings that (a) cannabis users trying to change make many, and often rapid, transitions among use as usual, reduction, and abstinence; (b) reduction attempts are more common than abstinence attempts; (c) quit and reduction attempts are short-lived and few participants achieve long-term abstinence; (d) alcohol and drug use are not greater on abstinence days; and (e) few users seek treatment.

Do environmental cues prompt attempts to stop smoking? A prospective natural history study.

Introduction: We prospectively tested whether environmental cues prompts attempts to stop smoking.

Methods: We recruited 134 smokers who intended to quit in the next 3 months to complete nightly calls to report cues as well as smoking status, intentions to smoke or not on the next day, and quit attempts over 12 weeks. We provided no treatment.

Marijuana use and intoxication among daily users: an intensive longitudinal study.

Background: Most of the harm from marijuana use is experienced by daily users. Despite this, there has not been a detailed prospective description of daily marijuana use.

Methods: We recruited daily marijuana users (n=142) by internet ads, Craigslist, flyers, etc.

Natural history of attempts to stop smoking.

Introduction: This study provides a prospective fine-grain description of the incidence and pattern of intentions to quit, quit attempts, abstinence, and reduction in order to address several clinical questions about self-quitting.

Methods: A total of 152 smokers who planned to quit in the next 3 months called nightly for 12 weeks to an Interactive Voice Response system to report cigarettes/day, quit attempts, intentions to smoke or not in the next day, and so forth. No treatment was provided.

The natural history of efforts to stop smoking: a prospective cohort study.

Background: In a prior study, we found changing tobacco use was more complex than previously thought, with users often transitioning between intending to quit and not intending to quit, and among typical use, abstinence, and reduction, on multiple occasions. The current study attempted to replicate those results.

Methods: A convenience sample of 40 tobacco smokers who intended to quit within the next 3 months called in nightly for 28 days to an interactive voice response system to report cigs/day and daily intentions to smoke or not for the next day.

Efficacy of varenicline to prompt quit attempts in smokers not currently trying to quit: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.

Introduction: Nicotine replacement therapy to aid smoking reduction increases the probability of a future quit attempt among smokers not currently planning to quit smoking. We tested whether varenicline, a partial nicotine agonist, would also increase future quit attempts.

Methods: This randomized, placebo-controlled trial recruited 218 smokers who were interested in quitting but had no plans to quit in the next month.