Ectopic sulcular pain: detection and treatment.

Patients who present with acute or chronic posterior dental pain but cannot identify the tooth from which the pain originates may suffer from a common but often unrecognized condition. The present article introduces a new term for this disorder, ectopic sulcular pain (ESP), derived from its unusual presentation, location, and defining symptom. It is tempting to call ESP an infection, but this has not been confirmed.

Impact of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease on clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19 among persons living with HIV: A multicenter research network study.

Background: People living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) are at an increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) but how these patients react to COVID-19 infection is unclear. We examined the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with and without nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) diagnosed with COVID-19.

Methods: A multicenter, retrospective cohort study was conducted using TriNetX.

Monoclonal Antibodies Specific for SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Suitable for Multiple Applications for Current Variants of Concern.

The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spawned an ongoing demand for new research reagents and interventions. Herein we describe a panel of monoclonal antibodies raised against SARS-CoV-2. One antibody showed excellent utility for immunohistochemistry, clearly staining infected cells in formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded lungs and brains of mice infected with the original and the omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2.

Budget impact analysis of the subcutaneous infliximab (CT-P13 SC) for treating inflammatory bowel disease in the Big-5 European (E5) countries.

Background: In 2020, the European Medicines Agency approved infliximab subcutaneous (SC) for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. This new mode of infliximab administration will reduce outpatient visits and costs of intravenous (IV) administration. This article describes a budget impact analysis of introducing infliximab SC to the Big-5 European (E5) market (Germany, France, Italy, Spain and UK) for 5 years, from the healthcare payer's perspective.

Cohort profile: the South African National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) National HIV Cohort.

Purpose: South Africa's National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) National HIV Cohort was established in 2015 to facilitate monitoring, evaluation and research on South Africa's National HIV Treatment Programme. In South Africa, 84.8% of people living with HIV know their HIV status; 70.

Synergistic effects of robotic surgery and IPACK nerve block on reduction of opioid consumption in total knee arthroplasty.

Background: There are numerous strategies to combat postoperative analgesia and expedite recovery after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The purpose of this study was to determine opioid consumption, length of stay, and functional outcomes after robotic versus standard TKA in the setting of various regional pain modalities.

Methods: A consecutive series of patients treated with unilateral primary robotic or standard TKA from January 2018-February 2021 were retrospectively identified.

Reporter Flaviviruses as Tools to Demonstrate Homologous and Heterologous Superinfection Exclusion.

Binjari virus (BinJV) is a lineage II or dual-host affiliated insect-specific flavivirus previously demonstrated as replication-deficient in vertebrate cells. Previous studies have shown that BinJV is tolerant to exchanging its structural proteins (prM-E) with pathogenic flaviviruses, making it a safe backbone for flavivirus vaccines. Here, we report generation by circular polymerase extension reaction of BinJV expressing zsGreen or mCherry fluorescent protein.

Reprint of: The Content of Troponin, Tropomyosin, Actin, and Myosin in Rabbit Skeletal Muscle Myofibrils.

A stacking sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis system has been used to resolve and quantify all the major myofibrillar protein components (actin, myosin, tropomyosin, and troponin C, T, and I). Quantification was achieved by densitometry of the fast green-stained gels calibrated with the use of purified proteins. The approximate molar ratios of these proteins in rabbit muscle are: actin : myosin: tropomyosin: troponin T: troponin I: troponin C = 7:1:1:1:1:1.

Malnutrition Increases Hospital Length of Stay and Mortality among Adult Inpatients with COVID-19.

Background: Malnutrition has been linked to adverse health economic outcomes. There is a paucity of data on malnutrition in patients admitted with COVID-19. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study consisting of 4311 COVID-19 adult (18 years and older) inpatients at 5 Johns Hopkins-affiliated hospitals between 1 March and 3 December 2020.

Abnormal liver chemistries as a predictor of COVID-19 severity and clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients.

Background: Abnormal liver chemistries are common findings in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the association of these abnormalities with the severity of COVID-19 and clinical outcomes is poorly understood.

Aim: We aimed to assess the prevalence of elevated liver chemistries in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and compare the serum liver chemistries to predict the severity and in-hospital mortality.

Detection of Elder Abuse Among Orthopedic Patients.

Approximately 10% of US adults experience elder abuse, which often manifests as musculoskeletal and soft tissue injuries. The goal of our study was to determine the rate of elder abuse among orthopedic surgery patients and characterize which patients may be at an increased risk. National Inpatient Sample Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project data from 2001 to 2015 were parsed with the Clinical Classifications Software tool.

Texts don't nudge: An adaptive trial to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in India.

We conduct an adaptive randomized controlled trial to evaluate the impact of a SMS-based information campaign on the adoption of social distancing and handwashing in rural Bihar, India, six months into the COVID-19 pandemic. We test 10 arms that vary in delivery timing and message framing, changing content to highlight gains or losses for either one's own family or community. We identify the optimal treatment separately for each targeted behavior by adaptively allocating shares across arms over 10 experimental rounds using exploration sampling.

Budget Impact Analysis of the Introduction of Subcutaneous Infliximab (CT-P13 SC) for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis in the United Kingdom.

Background: CT-P13 subcutaneous (SC)-the first and only SC version of infliximab-is approved by the European Medicines Agency for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This new mode of infliximab administration will allow patients to self-inject at home, significantly reducing the number of outpatient visits and costs of intravenous (IV) administration. This paper describes the economic impact of introducing CT-P13 SC to the market from the UK societal perspective.

A versatile reverse genetics platform for SARS-CoV-2 and other positive-strand RNA viruses.

The current COVID-19 pandemic is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We demonstrate that despite the large size of the viral RNA genome (~30 kb), infectious full-length cDNA is readily assembled in vitro by a circular polymerase extension reaction (CPER) methodology without the need for technically demanding intermediate steps. Overlapping cDNA fragments are generated from viral RNA and assembled together with a linker fragment containing CMV promoter into a circular full-length viral cDNA in a single reaction.

Orthopaedic trauma during COVID-19: Is patient care compromised during a pandemic?

Background: The Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) placed unprecedented pressure on the healthcare system. Many institutions implemented a government-mandated restructured set of safety and administrative protocols to treat urgent orthopaedic trauma patients. The objective of this study was to compare two cohorts of patients, a COVID group and non-COVID control group, and to evaluate the effectiveness of safety measures outlined in the Rutgers Orthopaedic Trauma Patient Safety Protocol (ROTPSP).

The role of social media in clubfoot: information sharing and social support.

Purpose: Clubfoot is the most common congenital foot deformity in children. Caregivers often seek medical information on the internet. The aim of the study was to characterize how social media is used by caregivers to access medical information.

Increased TLR/MyD88 signaling in patients with obesity: is there a link to COVID-19 disease severity?

COVID-19 is a pandemic disease caused by a coronavirus, designed as SARS CoV-2, whose clinical presentation is widely variable, with most patients having mild or no symptoms, but others developing a malign disease with multi-organ failure and even death. Accumulating data from different populations have shown that obesity is a risk factor for a severe evolution of the disease, however, the mechanisms that explain this association are not clearly understood. An ominous evolution of COVID-19 has been attributed to an exacerbated inflammatory response, designed as "cytokine storm" with augmented production of cytokines/chemokines through the activation of toll-like receptors (TLR) by pathogen-associated molecular patterns, that triggers an inflammatory downstream response, mediated in part by the adaptor molecule, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88).

Gender Parity in Academic Leadership Roles at AOSSM Annual Meetings.

Background: Ever since orthopaedic surgery was cited as the specialty with the lowest percentage of women, research has geared toward better understanding where lapses occur and ensured that equitable opportunities exist within the field.

Purpose/hypothesis: To analyze the 5-year trend in the academic leadership roles of female versus male orthopaedic surgeons at the AOSSM Annual Meeting. We hypothesized that a nationally representative proportion of female surgeons would hold academic leadership positions and that this figure would increase during the study period.

Tracheal Stenosis after Tracheostomy.

Introduction: Tracheal stenosis is a late and usually non-life threatening complication of surgical and percutaneous tracheostomies (PDT) as well as delayed endotracheal extubation.

Methods: We undertook a retrospective review of all patients who underwent a surgical tracheostomy over a 10 year period. Patients were included in the study if they had CT or MRI imaging of the tracheostomy site both pre-operatively and six or more weeks post operatively.

Interaction Between Alcohol Consumption and PNPLA3 Variant in the Prevalence of Hepatic Steatosis in the US Population.

Background & Aims: To our knowledge, the interaction between alcohol consumption and PNPLA3 genotype on hepatic steatosis has not been explored in a representative sample. To examine the interaction between alcohol consumption and PNPLA3 genotype on hepatic steatosis in the US adult population.

Methods: Cross-sectional study of 4,674 adult participants of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, Phase 2 (1991-1994) with data on PNPLA3 genotype, self-reported alcohol consumption, ultrasound-defined hepatic steatosis and socio-demographic characteristics.

Antigenic Characterization of New Lineage II Insect-Specific Flaviviruses in Australian Mosquitoes and Identification of Host Restriction Factors.

We describe two new insect-specific flaviviruses (ISFs) isolated from mosquitoes in Australia, Binjari virus (BinJV) and Hidden Valley virus (HVV), that grow efficiently in mosquito cells but fail to replicate in a range of vertebrate cell lines. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that BinJV and HVV were closely related (90% amino acid sequence identity) and clustered with lineage II (dual-host affiliated) ISFs, including the Lammi and Nounané viruses. Using a panel of monoclonal antibodies prepared to BinJV viral proteins, we confirmed a close relationship between HVV and BinJV and revealed that they were antigenically quite divergent from other lineage II ISFs.

Developing Neuraxial and Regional Pain Procedural Skills Through Innovative 3-Dimensional Printing Technology.

Context: Various forms of simulation-based training, including training models, increase training opportunities and help assess performance of a task. However, commercial training models for lumbar puncture and epidural procedures are costly.

Objective: To assess medical students' and residents' perception of 3-dimensional (3D)-printed lumbar, cervical, and pelvic models for mastering joint injection techniques and to determine the utility of ultrasonography-guided needle procedure training.

Intracranial pressure in the American Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis): reptilian meninges and orthostatic gradients.

The cranial meninges of reptiles differ from the more widely studied mammalian pattern in that the intraventricular and subarachnoid spaces are, at least partially, isolated. This study was undertaken to investigate the bulk flow of cerebrospinal fluid, and the resulting changes in intracranial pressure, in a common reptilian species. Intracranial pressure was measured using ocular ultrasonography and by surgically implanting pressure cannulae into the cranial subarachnoid space.

Measuring coordination between women's self-help groups and local health systems in rural India: a social network analysis.

Objectives: To assess how the health coordination and emergency referral networks between women's self-help groups (SHGs) and local health systems have changed over the course of a 2-year learning phase of the Uttar Pradesh Community Mobilization Project, India.

Design: A pretest, post-test programme evaluation using social network survey to analyse changes in network structure and connectivity between key individuals and groups.

Setting: The study was conducted in 18 villages located in three districts in Uttar Pradesh, India.