Cefiderocol pharmacokinetics during acute pulmonary exacerbations in hospitalized adult persons with cystic fibrosis.

Persons with CF (pwCF) present altered pharmacokinetics (PK) and are often infected with multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Herein, we describe the PK of cefiderocol, a siderophore cephalosporin with potent activity against MDR Gram-negative rods, in hospitalized adult pwCF with acute pulmonary exacerbation (APE). PwCF received ≥3 doses of 2 g cefiderocol (3 h infusion) with frequency determined according to their estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).

Multi-sensor, multi-device smart building indoor environmental dataset.

A dataset of sensor measurements is presented. Our dataset contains discrete measurements of 8 IoT devices located in various places in a research lab at the University of Bristol. Nordic nRF52840 DK IoT devices periodically collects environmental data, such as temperature, humidity, pressure, gas, room light intensity, accelerometer; including also a measurement quality indicator.

A dataset for room level indoor localization using a smart home in a box.

An annotated dataset of measurements obtained using the EurValve Smart Home In a Box (SHIB) rehabilitation monitoring system is presented. The SHiB is a low cost and easily deployable kit designed to collect data from a wrist-worn wearable in a home environment. The data presented is intended to evaluate room level indoor localization methods.

The Springtime Influence of Natural Tropical Pacific Variability on the Surface Climate of the Ross Ice Shelf, West Antarctica: Implications for Ice Shelf Thinning.

Observational records starting in the 1950s show West Antarctica is amongst the most rapidly warming regions on the planet. Together with increased intrusions of warm circumpolar deep water (CDW) onto the continental shelf due to local wind forcing (the primary mechanism in recent decades), this has resulted in enhanced surface and basal melting of floating ice shelves and an associated acceleration and thinning of West Antarctic outlet glaciers, increasing the rate of global sea level rise. In this study, it is shown that during the austral spring season, significant surface warming across West Antarctica has shifted westward to the Ross Ice Shelf in recent decades in response to enhanced cyclonic circulation over the Ross Sea.

A Review on Accelerometry-Based Gait Analysis and Emerging Clinical Applications.

Gait analysis continues to be an important technique for many clinical applications to diagnose and monitor certain diseases. Many mental and physical abnormalities cause measurable differences in a person's gait. Gait analysis has applications in sport, computer games, physical rehabilitation, clinical assessment, surveillance, human recognition, modeling, and many other fields.

Change in human lens dimensions, lens refractive index distribution and ciliary body ring diameter with accommodation.

We investigated changes in ciliary body ring diameter, lens dimensions and lens refractive index distributions with accommodation in young adults. A 3T clinical magnetic resonance imaging scanner imaged right eyes of 38 18-29 year old participants using a multiple spin echo sequence to determine accommodation-induced changes along lens axial and equatorial directions. Accommodation stimuli were approximately 1 D and 5 D.

Three-dimensional MRI study of the relationship between eye dimensions, retinal shape and myopia.

We investigated changes in eye dimensions and retinal shape with degree of myopia, gender and race. There were 58 young adult emmetropes and myopes (range -1.25D to -8.

Effect of post-hospital discharge telephonic intervention on hospital readmissions in a privately insured population in Australia.

Objective The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of telephone support after hospital discharge to reduce early hospital readmission among members of the disease management program My Health Guardian (MHG) offered by the Hospitals Contribution Fund of Australia (HCF). Methods A quasi-experimental retrospective design compared 28-day readmissions of patients with chronic disease between two groups: (1) a treatment group, consisting of MHG program members who participated in a hospital discharge (HODI) call; and (2) a comparison group of non-participating MHG members. Study groups were matched for age, gender, length of stay, index admission diagnoses and prior MHG program exposure.

The well-being valuation model: a method for monetizing the nonmarket good of individual well-being.

The objective of this research is to advance the evaluation and monetization of well-being improvement programs, offered by population health management companies, by presenting a novel method that robustly monetizes the entirety of well-being improvement within a population. This was achieved by utilizing two employers' well-being assessments with medical and pharmacy administrative claims (2010-2011) across a large national employer ( = 50,647) and regional employer ( = 6170) data sets. This retrospective study sought to monetize both direct and indirect value of well-being improvement across a population whose medical costs are covered by an employer, insurer, and/or government entity.

What's Mine is Yours: Evaluation of Shared Well-Being Among Married Couples and the Dyadic Influence on Individual Well-Being Change.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between partner well-being and outcomes of chronically diseased individuals participating in an employer sponsored well-being improvement program.

Methods: Using the Actor Partner Interdependence Model, we evaluated whether prior partner well-being was associated with well-being change among 2025 couples. Logistic regression models were then used to explore how spousal well-being risks relate to development and elimination of risks among program participants.

Integrating Well-Being Information and the Multidimensional Adaptive Prediction Process to Estimate Individual-Level Future Health Care Expenditure Levels.

Decades of research exist focusing on the utility of self-reported health risk and status data in health care cost predictive models. However, in many of these studies a limited number of self-reported measures were considered. Compounding this issue, prior research evaluated models specified with a single covariate vector and distribution.

Direct and Mediated Relationships Between Participation in a Telephonic Health Coaching Program and Health Behavior, Life Satisfaction, and Optimism.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the direct and mediated effects of a telephonic health coaching program on changes to healthy behaviors, life satisfaction, and optimism.

Methods: This longitudinal correlational study of 4881 individuals investigated simple and mediated relationships between participation in a telephonic health risk coaching program and outcomes from three annual Well-being Assessments.

Results: Program participation was directly related to improvements in healthy behaviors, life satisfaction and optimism, and indirect effects of coaching on these variables concurrently and over a one-year time lag were also supported.

Impact of a scalable care transitions program for readmission avoidance.

Objectives: To evaluate the Care Transition Solution (CTS) as a means to improve quality through reduction of preventable hospital readmissions among patients with readmission-sensitive conditions subject to penalties imposed by the Affordable Care Act.

Study Design: A retrospective quasi-experimental evaluation of the impact of the CTS among admitted patients diagnosed with heart failure, acute myocardial infarction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and/or pneumonia (CMS readmission-penalty diagnoses) in 14 acute care hospitals in Texas. The program, designed for scalable delivery, incorporated identification of high readmission-risk patients, assessment of individual needs, medication reconciliation, discharge planning, care coordination, and telephonic postdischarge follow-up.

Comparison of the Utility of Two Assessments for Explaining and Predicting Productivity Change: Well-Being Versus an HRA.

Objective: To compare utility of employee well-being to health risk assessment (HRA) as predictors of productivity change.

Methods: Panel data from 2189 employees who completed surveys 2 years apart were used in hierarchical models comparing the influence of well-being and health risk on longitudinal changes in presenteeism and job performance. Absenteeism change was evaluated in a nonexempt subsample.

Overall Well-Being and Supervisor Ratings of Employee Performance, Accountability, Customer Service, Innovation, Prosocial Behavior, and Self-Development.

Objective: The aim of this study was to study the effects of overall well-being and well-being change on six supervisor-rated indicators of employee performance valued by organizations: overall performance, accountability, customer service, innovation, prosocial behavior, and self-development.

Methods: The current study used two waves of well-being survey data collected over 2 years and supervisor performance ratings for 5691 employees. Ordinary least squares regression was conducted.

Adaptive Measurement of Well-Being: Maximizing Efficiency and Optimizing User Experience during Individual Assessment.

Well-being is linked to important societal factors such as health care costs and productivity and has experienced a surge in development activity of both theories and measurement. This study builds on validation of the Well-Being 5 survey and for the first time applies Item Response Theory, a modern and flexible measurement paradigm, to form the basis of adaptive population well-being measurement. Adaptive testing allows survey questions to be administered selectively, thereby reducing the number of questions required of the participant.

The Value of a Well-Being Improvement Strategy: Longitudinal Success across Subjective and Objective Measures Observed in a Firm Adopting a Consumer-Driven Health Plan.

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate effectiveness of a firm's 5-year strategy toward improving well-being while lowering health care costs amidst adoption of a Consumer-Driven Health Plan.

Methods: Repeated measures statistical models were employed to test and quantify association between key demographic factors, employment type, year, individual well-being, and outcomes of health care costs, obesity, smoking, absence, and performance.

Results: Average individual well-being trended upward by 13.

Validation of a partial coherence interferometry method for estimating retinal shape.

To validate a simple partial coherence interferometry (PCI) based retinal shape method, estimates of retinal shape were determined in 60 young adults using off-axis PCI, with three stages of modeling using variants of the Le Grand model eye, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Stage 1 and 2 involved a basic model eye without and with surface ray deviation, respectively and Stage 3 used model with individual ocular biometry and ray deviation at surfaces. Considering the theoretical uncertainty of MRI (12-14%), the results of the study indicate good agreement between MRI and all three stages of PCI modeling with <4% and <7% differences in retinal shapes along horizontal and vertical meridians, respectively.

Lens Shape and Refractive Index Distribution in Type 1 Diabetes.

Purpose: To compare lens dimensions and refractive index distributions in type 1 diabetes and age-matched control groups.

Methods: There were 17 participants with type 1 diabetes, consisting of two subgroups (7 young [23 ± 4 years] and 10 older [54 ± 4 years] participants), with 23 controls (13 young, 24 ± 4 years; 10 older, 55 ± 4 years). For each participant, one eye was tested with relaxed accommodation.

Long-term impact of a chronic disease management program on hospital utilization and cost in an Australian population with heart disease or diabetes.

Background: To evaluate the longitudinal value of a chronic disease management program, My Health Guardian (MHG), in reducing hospital utilization and costs over 4 years.

Methods: The MHG program provides individualized support via telephonic nurse outreach and online tools for self-management, behavior change and well-being. In follow up to an initial 18-month analysis of MHG, the current study evaluated program impact over 4 years.

Well-being improvement in a midsize employer: changes in well-being, productivity, health risk, and perceived employer support after implementation of a well-being improvement strategy.

Objective: To evaluate employee well-being change and associated change in productivity, health risk including biometrics, and workplace support over 2 years after implementation of a well-being improvement strategy.

Methods: This was an employer case study evaluation of well-being, productivity (presenteeism, absenteeism, and job performance), health risk, and employer support across three employee assessment spanning 2 years. Employee well-being was compared with an independent sample of workers in the community.

The challenge of managing mid-foot pain.

Background: The mid-foot bears the unheralded and proud, but potentially onerous, task of converting lower limb, vertically oriented stresses into propulsive horizontal motion with the further challenges of speed and direction change over varying terrains. A complex interaction of bones, joints and connective tissues has been cleverly engineered to accommodate these demands. However, these entrusted tissues will encounter acute traumatic stresses or cumulative micro-stresses, leading to structural and functional deficits.

Predicting Health Care Cost Transitions Using a Multidimensional Adaptive Prediction Process.

Managing population health requires meeting individual care needs while striving for increased efficiency and quality of care. Predictive models can integrate diverse data to provide objective assessment of individual prospective risk to identify individuals requiring more intensive health management in the present. The purpose of this research was to develop and test a predictive modeling approach, Multidimensional Adaptive Prediction Process (MAPP).

Well-being, health, and productivity improvement after an employee well-being intervention in large retail distribution centers.

Objective: To evaluate changes in well-being, biometric, and productivity indicators after a well-being intervention.

Methods: Biometric and self-reported outcomes were assessed among 677 retail distribution center employees before and after a 6-month well-being intervention.

Results: Despite lower well-being at baseline compared to an independent random sample of workers, program participants' well-being, productivity, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, and total cholesterol improved significantly after the intervention, whereas the decline in diastolic blood pressure was not significant.