Fine particulate matter and nonaccidental and cause-specific mortality: Do associations vary by exposure assessment method?

Background: There is considerable heterogeneity in fine particulate matter (PM)-mortality associations between studies, potentially due to differences in exposure assessment methods. Our aim was to evaluate associations of PM predicted from different models with nonaccidental and cause-specific mortality.

Methods: We followed 107,906 participants of the Nurses' Health Study cohort from 2001 to 2016.

Assessing greenspace and cardiovascular health through deep-learning analysis of street-view imagery in a cohort of US children.

Background: Accurately capturing individuals' experiences with greenspace at ground-level can provide valuable insights into their impact on children's health. However, most previous research has relied on coarse satellite-based measurements.

Methods: We utilized CVH and residential address data from Project Viva, a US-based pre-birth cohort, tracking participants from mid-childhood to late adolescence (2007-21).

Women's knowledge of symptoms of obstetric fistula, experiences, and associated factors in Sierra Leone.

Background: Obstetric fistula is a devastating childbirth condition that results from prolonged obstructed labour without timely medical intervention, leading to a tear between the birth canal and the bladder or rectum. It is a public health issue, particularly in low-income countries with limited access to quality maternal healthcare. This study aims to assess knowledge of fistula symptoms among women who had a fistula and its associated factors in Sierra Leone.

Childhood exposure to air pollution, noise, and surrounding greenness and incident hypertension in early adulthood in a US nationwide cohort-the Growing Up Today Study (GUTS).

Exposure to increased air pollution, noise, and reduced surrounding greenness have been suggested as potential environmental risk factors for hypertension in adults, but limited evidence exists regarding early-life exposure, particularly from prospective studies. We investigated independent and joint associations of childhood exposure to these factors with incident hypertension in early adulthood in a US nationwide cohort. Study participants were from the Growing Up Today Study (GUTS) established in 1996 (GUTSI) and 2004 (GUTSII), who were ages 9-14 (GUTSI) or 10-17 (GUTSII) at enrollment.

Associations of seasonally available global positioning systems-derived walkability and objectively measured sleep in the Nurses' Health Study 3 Mobile Health Substudy.

Background: Sleep is influenced by the environments that we experience while awake and while asleep. Neighborhood walkability has been linked with chronic disease and lifestyle factors, such as physical activity; however, evidence for the association between walkability and sleep is mixed. Extant studies assign walkability based on residential addresses, which does not account for mobility.

Measuring Environmental and Behavioral Drivers of Chronic Diseases Using Smartphone-Based Digital Phenotyping: Intensive Longitudinal Observational mHealth Substudy Embedded in 2 Prospective Cohorts of Adults.

Background: Previous studies investigating environmental and behavioral drivers of chronic disease have often had limited temporal and spatial data coverage. Smartphone-based digital phenotyping mitigates the limitations of these studies by using intensive data collection schemes that take advantage of the widespread use of smartphones while allowing for less burdensome data collection and longer follow-up periods. In addition, smartphone apps can be programmed to conduct daily or intraday surveys on health behaviors and psychological well-being.

Environmental mixtures and body mass index in two prospective US-based cohorts of female nurses.

We estimated the joint effect of particulate matter ≤ 2.5 µm in diameter (PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO), seasonal temperature, noise, greenness, light at night, and neighborhood socioeconomic status (NSES) on body mass index (BMI) in a mixture context among 194,966 participants from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and Nurses' Health Study II (NHSII) over 30 years. BMI was calculated from self-reported weight and height.

Neighborhood greenness and long-term physical and psychosocial quality of life among prostate cancer survivors in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study.

Introduction: Neighborhood greenness may benefit long-term prostate cancer survivorship by promoting physical activity and social integration, and reducing stress and exposure to air pollution, noise, and extreme temperatures. We examined associations of neighborhood greenness and long-term physical and psychosocial quality of life in prostate cancer survivors in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study.

Methods: We included 1437 individuals diagnosed with non-metastatic prostate cancer between 2008 and 2016 across the United States.

Is there an increased revision rate due to early tibial component loosening with a modern total knee arthroplasty design? A retrospective analysis from a large volume arthroplasty centre.

Background: The Attune TKR was introduced in 2011 as a successor to its predicate design The PFC Sigma. However, following reports of early failures, there are ongoing concerns related to increased loosening rates. Given the concerns, this study aimed to compare revision rates of the Attune implant to an established predicate, and other implant designs used in a high-volume arthroplasty center.

Quantitative proteomics reveals significant variation in host responses of cattle with differing buffalo fly susceptibility.

Background: Control of buffalo flies (, BFs) relies mainly on chemical methods; however, resistance to insecticides is widespread in BF populations. Breeding for resistance to BFs represents a possible alternative, but direct phenotyping of animals is laborious and often inaccurate. The availability of reliable diagnostic biomarker(s) to identify low BF carrier cattle would facilitate rapid and accurate selection for genetic improvement.

Multiple Environmental Exposures and the Development of Hypertension in a Prospective US-Based Cohort of Female Nurses: A Mixture Analysis.

We investigated the independent and joint associations between multiple environmental exposures and incident hypertension in a US nationwide prospective cohort of women: the Nurses' Health Study II. We followed 107,532 nonhypertensive participants from 1989 to diagnosis of hypertension, loss to follow-up, death, or end of follow-up in June 2019. We applied Cox proportional hazards models to assess associations of incident hypertension with time-varying residential exposure to air pollution, noise, surrounding greenness, temperature, and neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES), adjusting for potential confounders and coexposures.

Midlife Residential Greenness and Late-Life Cognitive Decline among Nurses' Health Study Participants.

Background: Midlife residential exposure to greenspace may slow cognitive decline by increasing opportunities for physical activity and social connection, restoring attention, or reducing stress or adverse environmental exposures. However, prospective studies on the association between greenness and cognitive decline are sparse.

Objective: We investigated the prospective association between greenness at midlife and cognitive decline later in life.

Greenness and Hospitalization for Cardiorespiratory Diseases in Brazil.

Background: The potential health benefits of exposure to vegetation, or greenness, are well documented, but there are few nationwide studies in Brazil, a country facing challenges related to land-use planning, deforestation, and environmental health risks.

Objectives: In this study, we investigated the association between greenness and hospitalizations for cardiorespiratory diseases in Brazil.

Methods: We accessed hospital admissions data from 967,771 postal codes (a total of 26,724,624 admissions) covering Brazil for the period between 2008 and 2018.

The use of cell and larval assays to identify target genes for RNA interference-meditated control of the Australian sheep blowfly (Lucilia cuprina).

Background: Flystrike, primarily caused by Lucilia cuprina, is a major health and welfare issue for sheep wool industries. Current chemical-based controls can have limited effectiveness due to the emergence of resistance in the parasite. RNA interference (RNAi), which uses double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) as a trigger molecule, has been successfully investigated for the development of innovative pest control strategies.

Long-term exposure to air pollution, greenness and temperature and survival after a nonfatal myocardial infarction.

Background: Little is known about the impact of environmental exposures on mortality risk after a myocardial infarction (MI).

Objective: The goal of this study was to evaluate associations of long-term temperature, air pollution and greenness exposures with mortality among survivors of an MI.

Methods: We used data from the US-based Nurses' Health Study to construct an open cohort of survivors of a nonfatal MI 1990-2017.

Exploring the drivers of unmet need for contraception among adolescents and young women in Sierra Leone. a cross-sectional study.

Background: Sierra Leone grapples with a concerning reality: a high unmet need for contraception among adolescents and young women (AYW). This translates to a multitude of unintended pregnancies, jeopardising their health, education, and overall life trajectory. To effectively address this challenge, we aim to examine the factors associated with the unmet need for contraception among AYW in Sierra Leone.

Associations of street-view greenspace with Parkinson's disease hospitalizations in an open cohort of elderly US Medicare beneficiaries.

Introduction: Protective associations of greenspace with Parkinson's disease (PD) have been observed in some studies. Visual exposure to greenspace seems to be important for some of the proposed pathways underlying these associations. However, most studies use overhead-view measures (e.

Occupational second-hand smoke exposure: A comparative shotgun proteomics study on nasal epithelia from healthy restaurant workers.

Non-smokers exposed to second-hand smoke (SHS) present risk of developing tobacco smoke-associated pathologies. To investigate the airway molecular response to SHS exposure that could be used in health risk assessment, comparative shotgun proteomics was performed on nasal epithelium from a group of healthy restaurant workers, non-smokers (never and former) exposed and not exposed to SHS in the workplace. HIF1α-glycolytic targets (GAPDH, TPI) and proteins related to xenobiotic metabolism, cell proliferation and differentiation leading to cancer (ADH1C, TUBB4B, EEF2) showed significant modulation in non-smokers exposed.

Lower Risk of Revision With 32- and 36-Millimeter Femoral Heads Compared With 28-mm Heads in Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Comparative Single-Center Study (10,104 Hips).

Background: We aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of different head sizes (28-, 32-, and 36- millimeter) in primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) at mean 6 years follow-up (range, 1 to 17.5 years).

Methods: This was a retrospective consecutive study of primary THA at our institution (2003 to 2019).