Out-of-hospital care of postpartum hemorrhage: a scoping review.

Objective: Given the paucity of information on managing out-of-hospital postpartum hemorrhage, this scoping review aimed to systematically map current literature on the scope, depth, and key concepts on the topic, as well as identify gaps and areas for further study.

Introduction: Postpartum hemorrhage is characterized by blood loss after childbirth that endangers hemodynamic stability of the mother. It can cause rapid deterioration if not managed promptly and remains the leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in resource-limited, out-of-hospital settings; however, knowledge about its management is limited.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa acyl-CoA dehydrogenases and structure-guided inversion of their substrate specificity.

Fatty acids are a primary source of carbon for Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) in the airways of people with cystic fibrosis (CF). Here, we use tandem mass-tag proteomics to analyse the protein expression profile of a CF clinical isolate grown on different fatty acids. Two fatty acyl-CoA dehydrogenases (designated FadE1 and FadE2) are strongly induced during growth on fatty acids.

The electrosynthesis of highly encumbered biaryls from aryl -iodobenzyl ethers by a radical to polar crossover sequence.

Highly encumbered 2,2',6-tri- and 2,2',6,6'-tetra-substituted biaryls are readily prepared from aryl -iodobenzyl ethers through mediated cathodic reduction under flow. The reaction proceeds the stepwise transfer of two electrons: the first to induce loss of iodide and a radical cyclisation, and the second to induce a polar fragmentation.

Paramedic assessment of suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients in the out-of-hospital environment: a scoping review protocol.

Objective: The objective of this review is to develop a comprehensive collection of information about the current processes for paramedics assessing and referring suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients in the out-of-hospital environment.

Introduction: Patients with COVID-19 are frequently encountered by paramedics and ambulance service clinicians. Increased demand on ambulance services has resulted in many of these services developing alternative referral pathways to avoid unnecessary conveyance to emergency departments.

Characterising phagocytes and measuring phagocytosis from live Galleria mellonella larvae.

Over the last 20 years, the larva of the greater waxmoth, , has rapidly increased in popularity as an mammalian replacement model organism for the study of human pathogens. Experimental readouts of response to infection are most often limited to observing the melanization cascade and quantifying larval death and, whilst transcriptomic and proteomic approaches, and methods to determine microbial load are also used, a more comprehensive toolkit of profiling infection over time could transform the applicability of this model. As an invertebrate, harbour an innate immune system comprised of both humoral components and a repertoire of innate immune cells - termed haemocytes.

A systematic study of the interplay between guest molecule structure and intermolecular interactions in crystalline sponges.

Utilization of the crystalline sponge {[(ZnI)(tpt)·x(solvent)]} method has enabled characterization of a novel family of synthetic organic oils. The systematic structural differences and diversity of functional groups offered by 13 related molecular adsorbates provide a detailed quantitative understanding of the relationship between the guest structure, its conformation, and the type of intermolecular interactions adopted with neighbouring guests and the host framework. This analysis is extended to assess the connection of these factors to the resulting quality indicators for a particular molecular structure elucidation.

Cathodic Radical Cyclisation of Aryl Halides Using a Strongly-Reducing Catalytic Mediator in Flow.

Electro-reductive radical cyclisation of aryl halides affords the corresponding hetero- and carbo-cycles in an undivided flow reactor equipped with steel and carbon electrodes using an organic mediator. A dissolving metal anode is not needed, and the mediator can be employed in a sub-stoichiometric amount (0.05 equiv), increasing the practical utility of cathodic radical cyclisation.

Experiences of learning, development, and preparedness for clinical practice among undergraduate paramedicine students, graduate/intern paramedics, and their preceptors: a qualitative systematic review.

Objective: This systematic review aimed to identify and explore the barriers to and facilitators of learning and preparedness for clinical practice among undergraduate paramedicine students, graduate/intern paramedics, and their preceptors.

Introduction: The educational landscape for paramedicine has evolved considerably since the introduction of the first paramedicine bachelor degree. A need to identify the contemporary barriers to and facilitators of learning within the context of early career training in paramedicine education is needed.

Care of the patient with invasive meningococcal disease by prehospital emergency medical service clinicians: a scoping review.

Objective: The objective of this scoping review is to systematically map the literature to identify the scope, depth, key concepts and gaps in the evidence regarding care of the patient with invasive meningococcal disease by emergency medical service (EMS) clinicians.

Design: Scoping review. This review is reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews reporting guideline.

Variations in the care of agitated patients in Australia and New Zealand ambulance services.

Objective: The objective of the present study is to examine variations in paramedic care of the agitated patient, including verbal de-escalation, physical restraint and sedation, provided by ambulance services in Australia and New Zealand.

Methods: To examine the care of agitated patients, we first identified and reviewed all clinical practice guidelines for the management of agitated patients in Australian and New Zealand ambulance services between September and November 2018. We then conducted a structured questionnaire to obtain further information on the training, assessment and care of agitated patients by the ambulance services.

How clean is your house? A study of house dust mites, allergens and other contents of dust samples collected from households.

Household dust contains an array of constituents, including house dust mites (HDM) and the HDM allergen, Der p 1, which can cause sensitivities such as asthma and eczema. Vacuuming can help alleviate symptoms, yet little is understood about cleaning behaviour in different households. This pilot study investigated the contents of dust from four household types (students; over 65 s; and families with and without pets).

Japanese encephalitis: the vectors, ecology and potential for expansion.

Background: Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a viral disease predominantly located in South East Asia and commonly associated with transmission between amplifying hosts, such as pigs, and the mosquito Culex tritaeniorhynchus, where human infection represents a dead end in the life cycle of the virus. The expansion of JE beyond an Asiatic confine is dependent on a multitude of complex factors that stem back to genetic subtype variation. A complex interplay of the genetic variation and vector competencies combine with variables such as geography, climate change and urbanization.

The use of therapeutic magnesium for neuroprotection during global cerebral ischemia associated with cardiac arrest and cardiac surgery in adults: a systematic review.

Background: Global cerebral ischemia occurs due to reduced blood supply to the brain. This is commonly caused by a cessation of myocardial activity associated with cardiac arrest and cardiac surgery. Survival is not the only important outcome because neurological dysfunction impacts on quality of life, reducing independent living.

Requirement of fission yeast Cid14 in polyadenylation of rRNAs.

Polyadenylation in eukaryotes is conventionally associated with increased nuclear export, translation, and stability of mRNAs. In contrast, recent studies suggest that the Trf4 and Trf5 proteins, members of a widespread family of noncanonical poly(A) polymerases, share an essential function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that involves polyadenylation of nuclear RNAs as part of a pathway of exosome-mediated RNA turnover. Substrates for this pathway include aberrantly modified tRNAs and precursors of snoRNAs and rRNAs.

Ontogeny of arousal.

Ontogeny of arousal data constitute a vital supplement to the sparse literature on spontaneous neuronal activity. These data demonstrate that measurable infant spontaneous arousals (SAs) with an inherent oscillatory entrainment occur six times more in active sleep than in quiet sleep of the same duration and are identifiable as a human neurobiologic function. These SAs are not significantly associated with race or ethnicity, gender, total hours spent sleeping, percent time spent in active or quiet sleep, preterm status, history of a life-threatening event, having had a sibling who died of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), or having had a mother who smoked during this pregnancy.

Surfer's myelopathy.

Study Design: The authors reviewed a series of nontraumatic spinal cord injuries associated with surfing lessons.

Objectives: To characterize a unique syndrome of paraplegia/paraparesis to improve clinical recognition, treatment, and prevention.

Summary Of Background Data: Surfer's myelopathy is a previously unreported nontraumatic spinal cord injury that affects inexperienced surfers.