Professional Male Soccer Players' Perspectives of the Nutrition Culture Within an English Premier League Football Club: A Qualitative Exploration Using Bourdieu's Concepts of Habitus, Capital and Field.

Background And Aim: Professional soccer players' self-reported dietary intakes often do not meet recommended sport nutrition guidelines. Although behaviour change models have previously explored barriers and enablers to nutritional adherence, the cultural factors influencing players' nutritional habits also warrant investigation. Accordingly, we aimed to explore players' perceptions of the nutrition culture within the professional soccer environment.

Nutrition and Golf Performance: A Systematic Scoping Review.

Background: Golf is played both recreationally and professionally by approximately 66.6 million people worldwide. Despite the potential for nutrition to influence golf performance, research in this area is somewhat limited.

Nutritional habits of professional team sport athletes: An insight into the carbohydrate, fluid, and caffeine habits of English Premier League football players during match play.

To better understand the in-match fuelling practices of elite football players and compare against current guidelines, we quantified the carbohydrate, fluid, and caffeine intake of players from an English Premier League club ( = 22) during 90 min of competitive match-play. Mean carbohydrate intake across match-play was 17 ± 11 g.h with players demonstrating a preference towards CHO-containing fluids (58%) when compared with semi-solids (38%) and solids (14%), respectively.

A broken link: Knowledge of carbohydrate requirements do not predict carbohydrate intake around competition in endurance athletes.

Endurance athletes fail to meet carbohydrate (CHO) guidelines for competition, which may be due to limited knowledge. However, the relationship between knowledge and practice in this population is unknown. To investigate this, we assessed the dietary intake in 50 athletes (37 females) who completed endurance events ≥2.

Training with reduced carbohydrate availability affects markers of bone resorption and formation in male academy soccer players from the English Premier League.

Purpose: To test the hypothesis that training with reduced carbohydrate (CHO) availability increases bone resorption in adolescent soccer players.

Methods: In a randomised crossover design, ten male players (age: 17.4 ± 0.

Energy expenditure, intake and availability in female soccer players via doubly labelled water: Are we misrepresenting low energy availability?

Female soccer players have been identified as presenting with low energy availability (LEA), though the prevalence of LEA may be overestimated given inaccuracies associated with self-reporting dietary intakes. Accordingly, we aimed to quantify total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) via the doubly labelled water (DLW) method, energy intake (EI) and energy availability (EA). Adolescent female soccer players (n = 45; 16 ± 1 years) completed a 9-10 day 'training camp' representing their national team.

Perspectives on the role of nutrition in influencing academy soccer player development and performance: A qualitative case study of key stakeholders from an English category one soccer academy.

This study aimed to explore player and stakeholder perceptions of the role of nutrition in influencing the development of male academy soccer players. Semi-structured interviews (28 ± 13 mins in length) were conducted with 31 participants from an English category one academy, including players (Youth Development Phase, YDP:  = 6; Professional Development Phase, PDP:  = 4), parents/guardians ( = 10), coaches ( = 3), sport scientists ( = 3), physiotherapists ( = 3), and catering ( = 2). Via reflexive thematic analysis, data demonstrate an apparent lack of understanding and awareness on the role of nutrition in influencing player development, especially in relation to growth, maturation and reducing injury risk.

Energy Expenditure of Elite Male and Female Professional Tennis Players During Habitual Training.

Understanding the daily energy expenditure of athletes during training is important to support recovery, adaptation, and the maintenance of performance. The aim of the current research was to assess the total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) and the acute energy expenditure (EE) of tennis training sessions during habitual training of elite tennis players. Using a cohort study design, 27 (n = 10, male; age; 22.

The Relationships Between External and Internal Training Loads in Mixed Martial Arts.

Purpose: As a multidisciplined combat sport, relationships between external and internal training loads and intensities of mixed martial arts (MMA) have not been described. The aim of this study was to determine the external loads and intensities of MMA training categories and their relationship to internal loads and intensities.

Methods: Twenty MMA athletes (age = 23.

Under-Fuelling for the Work Required? Assessment of Dietary Practices and Physical Loading of Adolescent Female Soccer Players during an Intensive International Training and Game Schedule.

Previous studies demonstrate that "under-fuelling" (i.e., reduced carbohydrate (CHO) and energy intake (EI) in relation to recommended guidelines) is prevalent within adult female soccer players, the consequence of which may have acute performance and chronic health implications.

Daily energy requirements of male academy soccer players are greater than age-matched non-academy soccer players: A doubly labelled water investigation.

This study aimed to test the hypothesis that the total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) of male academy soccer players is greater than players not enrolled on a formalised academy programme. English Premier League academy (ACAD:  = 8, 13 years, 50 ± 6 kg, 88 ± 3% predicted adult stature, PAS) and non-academy players (NON-ACAD:  = 6, 13 years, 53 ± 12 kg, 89 ± 3% PAS) were assessed for TDEE (via doubly labelled water) during a 14-day in-season period. External loading was evaluated during training (ACAD: 8 sessions, NON-ACAD: 2 sessions) and games (2 games for both ACAD and NON-ACAD) via GPS, and daily physical activity was evaluated using triaxial accelerometry.

Greater male variability in daily energy expenditure develops through puberty.

There is considerably greater variation in metabolic rates between men than between women, in terms of basal, activity and total (daily) energy expenditure (EE). One possible explanation is that EE is associated with male sexual characteristics (which are known to vary more than other traits) such as musculature and athletic capacity. Such traits might be predicted to be most prominent during periods of adolescence and young adulthood, when sexual behaviour develops and peaks.

Mind the gap: limited knowledge of carbohydrate guidelines for competition in an international cohort of endurance athletes.

Despite the well-documented role of carbohydrate (CHO) in promoting endurance exercise performance, endurance athletes typically fail to meet current recommendations in competition. Adequate nutrition knowledge is key to drive athletes' behaviour, but the current level of knowledge in this population is not known. The present study assessed knowledge of CHO for competition in an international cohort of endurance athletes using the Carbohydrates for Endurance Athletes in Competition Questionnaire (CEAC-Q).

Environmental heat stress offsets adaptation associated with carbohydrate periodization in trained male triathletes.

Purpose: Carbohydrate (CHO) intake periodization via the sleep low train low (SL-TL) diet-exercise model increases fat oxidation during exercise and may enhance endurance-training adaptation and performance. Conversely, training under environmental heat stress increases CHO oxidation, but the potential of combined SL-TL and heat stress to enhance metabolic and performance outcomes is unknown.

Methods: Twenty-three endurance-trained males were randomly assigned to either control (n = 7, CON), SL-TL (n = 8, SL ) or SL-TL + heat stress (n = 8, SL ) groups and prescribed identical 2-week cycling training interventions.

Human skeletal muscle methylome after low-carbohydrate energy-balanced exercise.

We aimed to investigate the human skeletal muscle (SkM) DNA methylome after exercise in low-carbohydrate (CHO) energy-balance (with high-fat) conditions compared with exercise in low-CHO energy-deficit (with low-fat) conditions. The objective was to identify novel epigenetically regulated genes and pathways associated with "train-low sleep-low" paradigms. The sleep-low conditions included nine males that cycled to deplete muscle glycogen while reaching a set energy expenditure.

An Observational Case Series Measuring the Energy Expenditure of Elite Tennis Players During Competition and Training by Using Doubly Labeled Water.

Purpose: An understanding of an athlete's total daily energy expenditure (TEE) is necessary to inform nutritional strategies, particularly where daily training and competitive demands are highly variable. This observational case series assessed the TEE of elite tennis players during high-level competition.

Methods: Senior female singles participants (FS: n = 3; 21 [1] y; ranked  Women's Tennis Association [WTA] top 125-375), an FS junior (n = 1; 16 y; ranked WTA top 350), and a men's doubles player (n = 1; 26 y; ranked Association of Tennis Professionals [ATP] top 5) were assessed for TEE (using the doubly labeled water method) during a 9- to 14-day period, which included training, Wimbledon Championships, WTA/ATP International Tournaments, Junior/Senior International Tennis Federation, and Wimbledon Junior Championships.

Longitudinal Changes in Body Composition and Resting Metabolic Rate in Male Professional Flat Jockeys: Preliminary Outcomes and Implications for Future Research Directions.

Jockeys are unique given that they make weight daily and, therefore, often resort to fasting and dehydration. Through increasing daily food frequency (during energy deficit), we have reported short-term improvements in jockey's body composition. While these changes were observed over 6-12 weeks with food provided, it is unclear whether such improvements can be maintained over an extended period during free-living conditions.

Acute heat stress amplifies exercise-induced metabolomic perturbations and reveals variation in circulating amino acids in endurance-trained males.

New Findings: What is the central question of this study? Whole-body substrate utilisation is altered during exercise in hot environments, characterised by increased glycolytic metabolism: does heat stress alter the serum metabolome in response to high intensity exercise? What are the main finding and its importance? Alongside increases in glycolytic metabolite abundance, circulating amino acid concentrations are reduced following exercise under heat stress. Prior research has overlooked the impact of heat stress on protein metabolism during exercise, raising important practical implications for protein intake recommendations in the heat.

Abstract: Using untargeted metabolomics, we aimed to characterise the systemic impact of environmental heat stress during exercise.

Variation in human water turnover associated with environmental and lifestyle factors.

Water is essential for survival, but one in three individuals worldwide (2.2 billion people) lacks access to safe drinking water. Water intake requirements largely reflect water turnover (WT), the water used by the body each day.

Acute fuelling and recovery practices of academy soccer players: implications for growth, maturation, and physical performance.

Academy soccer players frequently train in the evening (i.e. 1700-2000 h), hence limited time to nutritionally prepare and recover due to schooling, travel and sleep schedules.

Normalising the conversation: a qualitative analysis of player and stakeholder perceptions of menstrual health support within elite female soccer.

Purpose: This qualitative study explores player and stakeholder perceptions of menstrual health support in elite female soccer.

Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 47 participants including players (n = 12), parents (n = 9), coaches (n = 9), sport scientists (n = 7), nutritionists (n = 5) and medical staff (n = 5).

Results: Via thematic analysis, data demonstrate that elite female soccer players experience a range of physical and psychological symptoms primarily at the onset of and during menses (as also perceived by stakeholders), with most participants perceiving these symptoms to impact performance.

Athlete experiences of communication strategies in applied sports nutrition and future considerations for mobile app supportive solutions.

Aim: This study aimed to explore athletes' experiences and opinions of communication strategies in applied sports nutrition, as well as capture suggestions for future mobile app supportive solutions.

Methods: A qualitative approach was used for this research. Data was generated from semi-structured focus groups ( = 9) with a purposive sample of 41 (male = 24, female = 17) full time professional athletes (mean age 24 ± 4.

Variability in energy expenditure is much greater in males than females.

In mammals, trait variation is often reported to be greater among males than females. However, to date, mainly only morphological traits have been studied. Energy expenditure represents the metabolic costs of multiple physical, physiological, and behavioral traits.