Predictors of Outcome in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Patients: Observations From a Multicenter Data Set.

Background And Purpose: The mortality and morbidity after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage has improved because of better diagnosis, early treatment to secure the aneurysm, and better management of disease-specific complications. With these improvements in care, it is not clear if the previously identified independent predictors of a negative outcome have changed. The aim of this study was to identify the independent predictors of an unfavorable outcome (Glasgow Outcome Score 1, 2, and 3) in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients.

The effect of intravenous interleukin-1 receptor antagonist on inflammatory mediators in cerebrospinal fluid after subarachnoid haemorrhage: a phase II randomised controlled trial.

Background: Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a key mediator of ischaemic brain injury induced by stroke and subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) limits brain injury in experimental stroke and reduces plasma inflammatory mediators associated with poor outcome in ischaemic stroke patients. Intravenous (IV) IL-1Ra crosses the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in patients with SAH, to achieve cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations that are neuroprotective in rats.

Translational pharmacokinetics: challenges of an emerging approach to drug development in stroke.

Introduction: There is increasing recognition of the importance of translational pharmacokinetics in stroke research, lack of which has been cited as one of the main contributing factors to failure of Phase III trials.

Areas Covered: The article reviews the translational issues in administration, distribution and sampling in the pharmacokinetics of putative therapeutic drugs in stroke. In addition, the role of translational pharmacometrics in drug development is discussed.