Identifying patient-level factors associated with interest in psychosocial services during cancer: A brief report.

Objectives: Uptake of psychosocial services during cancer treatment remains relatively low. To use these services efficiently, novel approaches - based on evidence-based theory - are needed to understand cancer patients' readiness to seek psychosocial services. Guided by the transtheoretical model (TTM), we investigated individuals' readiness to use psychosocial services by assessing decisional conflict (pros/cons) and self-efficacy, which are established as the most important constructs of predicting a specific behavior.

Development and Implementation of a Psychological Service for Patients With Cancer.

Cancer patients frequently experience considerable distress during diagnosis and treatment. The aims of this study were to describe the development and utilization of a psychological service for cancer patients at a community hospital-and to provide preliminary results on clinical outcomes in a "real-world" clinical setting. This program was developed collaboratively by individuals from a university-based clinical psychology doctoral program and a community hospital.

A philosophy of health: life as reality, health as a universal value.

Emphases on biomarkers (e.g. when making diagnoses) and pharmaceutical/drug methods (e.

Generating psychotherapy breakthroughs: Transtheoretical strategies from population health psychology.

Over the past 40 years, few breakthroughs have dramatically increased the impacts of psychotherapy. There have been new and exciting therapies, but the research does not convincingly demonstrate that any recent or more established therapies produce greater impacts than 40 years ago. Seven strategies from the transtheoretical model that have produced breakthroughs in health psychology/population health are analyzed to illustrate how they can similarly generate breakthroughs in mental health outcomes.

Measures of psychosocial care utilization in a national sample of cancer patients.

Objective: Cancer is one of the most physically and emotionally debilitating diseases. Despite evidence that psychosocial care can improve psychological and physiological functioning, as few as 4.4% of patients are willing to engage in psychosocial treatment.

Stages of change and psychotherapy outcomes: A review and meta-analysis.

The transtheoretical model and the stages of change are often used to adapt treatment to the individual client. The aims of this study were to review the stages of change and popular measures of change readiness in psychotherapy and to conduct a meta-analysis of the relation between readiness measures and psychotherapy outcomes. We report data from 76 studies, encompassing 25,917 patients.

Integrated Primary Care Readiness and Behaviors Scale: Development and validation in behavioral health professionals.

Introduction: Although integrated primary care (IPC) is growing, several barriers remain. Better understanding of behavioral health professionals' (BHPs') readiness for and engagement in IPC behaviors could improve IPC research and training. This study developed measures of IPC behaviors and stage of change.

Longitudinal analysis of intervention effects on temptations and stages of change for dietary fat using parallel process latent growth modeling.

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend a 20-35 percent daily intake of fat. Resisting the temptation to eat high-fat foods, in conjunction with stage of readiness to avoid these foods, has been shown to influence healthy behavior change. Data ( N = 6516) from three randomized controlled trials were pooled to examine the relationships among direct intervention effects on temptations and stage of change for limiting high-fat foods.

The Influence of Engagement and Satisfaction on Smoking Cessation Interventions: A Qualitative Study.

Background: Tobacco use remains the leading cause of preventable disease and death. Most smokers are not motivated to quit; however, most smoking cessation interventions are designed for smokers who are ready to take action.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to describe participant engagement and satisfaction with telephonic smoking cessation coaching with a population of smokers at different stages of readiness to quit.

Development and Preliminary Psychometric Evaluation of Decisional Balance and Self-Efficacy Measures for Managing Anxiety in a National Sample of Clinically Anxious Adults.

Purpose: Anxiety is the most common and costly mental illness in the United States. Reducing avoidance is a core element of evidence-based treatments. Past research shows readiness to address avoidance affects outcomes.

Baseline Predictors of Singular Action Among Participants With Multiple Health Behavior Risks.

Purpose: Previous studies found that treatment effects can change two behaviors, but not one. This study examined baseline transtheoretical model constructs as three alternative predictors (stage of change, effort, and severity) of singular action among participants with co-occurring health behavior risks.

Design: The study examined participants at risk for three pairs of behaviors (sun and smoking; smoking and diet; and diet and sun).

Stages of change in obesity and weight management: factorial structure of the Italian version of the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment Scale.

Purpose: To examine the factorial structure of the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment Scale (IT-URICA) for weight management in a sample of Italian overweight and obese patients enrolled in a nutritional rehabilitation program.

Methods: 334 inpatients completed the translated and adjusted version of the IT-URICA at admission to the hospital. Psychometric testing included confirmatory factor analysis and internal consistency (Cronbach's α).

Transtheoretical Principles and Processes for Adopting Physical Activity: A Longitudinal 24-Month Comparison of Maintainers, Relapsers, and Nonchangers.

This study examined longitudinal differences in use of transtheoretical model (TTM) behavior change constructs in maintainers (who reached and maintained exercise guidelines), relapsers (who reached guidelines, then regressed), and nonchangers (who did not reach guidelines). Data from two population-based TTM-tailored randomized trial intervention groups targeting exercise behavior (N = 1050) were pooled, and analyses assessed differences in TTM constructs between the three groups at baseline, 12 months, and 24 months. Findings indicated that relapsers tended to use TTM variables similarly to maintainers with the exception of self-efficacy, consciousness raising, and most behavioral processes of change, at 24 months.

Fat Reduction Efforts: A 24-Month Longitudinal Comparison of a Large Sample of Maintainers, Relapsers, and Non-Changers.

This research examined dynamic transtheoretical model (TTM) constructs for dietary fat reduction. This secondary data analysis pooled three large population-based TTM-tailored school, worksite, medical, and home-based intervention studies and examined use of constructs across three groups organized by longitudinal progress (dynatypes): Maintainers, Relapsers, and Stable Non-Changers. The criteria for successful change, at the time, were that less than 30% of calories came from fat.

Extending Theory-Based Quantitative Predictions to New Health Behaviors.

Background: Traditional null hypothesis significance testing suffers many limitations and is poorly adapted to theory testing.

Purpose: A proposed alternative approach, called Testing Theory-based Quantitative Predictions, uses effect size estimates and confidence intervals to directly test predictions based on theory.

Method: This paper replicates findings from previous smoking studies and extends the approach to diet and sun protection behaviors using baseline data from a Transtheoretical Model behavioral intervention (N = 5407).

Transtheoretical Model Constructs' Longitudinal Prediction of Sun Protection Over 24 Months.

Purpose: This research examined dynamic transtheoretical model (TTM) constructs for adopting sun protection practices. This secondary data analysis pooled four large population-based TTM-tailored intervention studies and examined use of constructs across three groups, organized by longitudinal progress: maintainers, relapsers, and stable non-changers.

Methods: A total of 3463 adults, in the USA, who met criteria for unsafe sun exposure at baseline received a TTM-tailored computerized intervention at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months.

Motivation for HPV Vaccination Among Young Adult Men: Validation of TTM Decisional Balance and Self-Efficacy Constructs.

Purpose: In the United States, 36% of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancers occur among men. HPV vaccination can substantially reduce the risk of HPV infection; however, the vast majority of men are unvaccinated. This study developed and validated transtheoretical model-based measures for HPV vaccination in young adult men.

Sustainable transportation stage of change, decisional balance, and self-efficacy scale development and validation in two university samples.

Single occupancy vehicle (SOV) transportation is a key contributor to climate change and air pollution. Sustainable transportation (ST), commuting by any means other than SOV, could both slow climate change and enhance public health. The transtheoretical model (TTM) provides a useful framework for examining how people progress towards adopting ST.

Examining relationships between multiple health risk behaviors, well-being, and productivity.

Traditionally, the concept of health promotion has emphasized the reduction of health risk behaviors to reduce disease and impairment. Well-being research expands this focus to include positive constructs such as thriving, productivity, life-evaluation, and emotional and physical health. The objective of the present study was to examine the relationships between health risk behaviors and specific measures of individual well-being.

Randomized trial outcomes of a TTM-tailored condom use and smoking intervention in urban adolescent females.

Smoking and sexual risk behaviors in urban adolescent females are prevalent and problematic. Family planning clinics reach those who are at most risk. This randomized effectiveness trial evaluated a transtheoretical model (TTM)-tailored intervention to increase condom use and decrease smoking.

Evaluation of the acceptability and feasibility of a computer-tailored intervention to increase human papillomavirus vaccination among young adult women.

Objective: To examine acceptability and feasibility of a Transtheoretical Model (TTM)-based computer-tailored intervention (CTI) for increasing human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in college-aged women.

Participants: Two hundred forty-three women aged 18-26 were recruited between February and May of 2011.

Methods: Participants completed the intervention and a 14-item evaluation of intervention content and delivery.

Coaction in multiple behavior change interventions: consistency across multiple studies on weight management and obesity prevention.

Objective: Coaction refers to the extent to which taking action on one behavior increases the odds of taking action on a second behavior. This integrative study examines the generalization of coaction in three studies on weight-related behaviors.

Method: Data from three randomized trials of tailored interventions (n = 1,277, n = 1,800, and n = 6,000) were examined to determine if coaction of behavior change occurred differentially in treatment and control groups.

Co-occurrence and coaction of stress management with other health risk behaviors.

This study provides a preliminary investigation of the role of stress management in multiple behavior change. Risk status on stress management and five health behaviors (healthy eating, exercise, alcohol, smoking, and depression management) was assessed before and after a multiple behavior change intervention. Findings suggested a link between stress management and a worse health risk behavior profile at baseline.

The Functional Well-Being Scale: a measure of functioning loss due to well-being-related barriers.

The objective of this study was to develop the Pro-Change Functional Well-Being Scale, a measure that provides an informative evaluation of general functioning loss due to well-being-related barriers. Exploratory and confirmatory analyses on data from 642 individuals supported a one-factor solution with good model fit. A strong positive correlation existed between the Pro-Change Functional Well-Being Scale and Well-Being Assessment for Productivity.

Mollie Stevens Smart (1916-2012).

Presents an obituary for Mollie Stevens Smart (1916-2012). Mollie attended the University of Toronto, from which she graduated with honors in psychology at age 20 in 1936. She studied and worked at the Merrill-Palmer Institute in Detroit, earning a master's degree in child development from the University of Michigan in 1941.