Non-thermal Infrared Light Treatment of Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury and Subsequent Analysis of Macrophage Differentiation.

Tissue damage and necrosis from inflammatory processes are a consequence of ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). In skeletal muscle, ischemia reduces the aerobic energy capacity of muscle cells, leading to adverse biochemical alterations and inflammation. The goal of this study is to show that exposure to near-infrared light (NIR) during a period of ischemia reduces IRI by decreasing necrosis and inflammation in addition to decreasing proinflammatory M1 and increasing protective M2 macrophages.

Intrapelvic Loss of a Trial Femoral Head During Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Case Report.

Case: We report a case of intraoperative femoral head trial dislocation, with intrapelvic migration treated only with close observation with over the 17-year follow-up.

Conclusion: Total hip arthroplasty has been used as an effective means of treating debilitating arthritis of the hip. Common complications of hip arthroplasty have been discussed at length in the literature.

Modified V-Y Turndown Flap Augmentation for Quadriceps Tendon Rupture Following Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Retrospective Study.

Background: Quadriceps tendon rupture following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is an infrequent but potentially devastating adverse event. Although uncommon, the long-term sequelae of this injury can result in permanent inability to walk. Despite the severity of this injury, there is no single accepted treatment, with various surgical methods producing mixed results.

Selective Denervation for Persistent Knee Pain After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Report of 50 Cases.

Background: Despite the general success of total knee arthroplasty (TKA), up to 20% of patients report dissatisfaction following surgery. One potential cause of this dissatisfaction is residual pain secondary to neuroma formation in the sensory nerve branches that innervate the knee. We found, after performing a retrospective review, that up to 9.

Autophagy modulates articular cartilage vesicle formation in primary articular chondrocytes.

Chondrocyte-derived extracellular organelles known as articular cartilage vesicles (ACVs) participate in non-classical protein secretion, intercellular communication, and pathologic calcification. Factors affecting ACV formation and release remain poorly characterized; although in some cell types, the generation of extracellular vesicles is associated with up-regulation of autophagy. We sought to determine the role of autophagy in ACV production by primary articular chondrocytes.

Porous ongrowth surfaces alter osteoblast maturation and mineralization.

Implant fixation through osseointegration is essential for the success of uncemented total joint arthroplasty, and nature and composition of implant surface play a critical role in this process. Despite widespread use of uncemented implants, the extent of bone ingrowth into implants is generally only a small percentage of the total implant surface. An understanding of the processes whereby bone cells grow into and multiply on porous surfaces is critical for the design and manufacture of implants that maximize ingrowth and implant fixation.

Far red/near infrared light treatment promotes femoral artery collateralization in the ischemic hindlimb.

Nitric oxide (NO) is a crucial mediator of hindlimb collateralization and angiogenesis. Within tissues there are nitrosyl-heme proteins which have the potential to generate NO under conditions of hypoxia or low pH. Low level irradiation of blood and muscle with light in the far red/near infrared spectrum (670 nm, R/NIR) facilitates NO release.

Metal ions activate vascular endothelial cells and increase lymphocyte chemotaxis and binding.

Metal on metal articulations in hip arthroplasty offer advantages, including lower volumetric wear compared to conventional metalonpolyethylene bearings, and increased resistance to dislocation. Reports described early failures, with histologic features similar to a Type IV immune response. Mechanisms by which metal wear products cause this reaction are not completely understood.

Proteomic analysis of articular cartilage vesicles from normal and osteoarthritic cartilage.

Objective: Articular cartilage vesicles (ACVs) are extracellular organelles found in normal articular cartilage. While they were initially defined by their ability to generate pathologic calcium crystals in cartilage of osteoarthritis (OA) patients, they can also alter the phenotype of normal chondrocytes through the transfer of RNA and protein. The purpose of this study was to analyze the proteome of ACVs from normal and OA human cartilage.

The serine protease inhibitor trappin-2 is present in cartilage and synovial fluid in osteoarthritis.

Objective: Trappins are small serine protease inhibitors bound to extracellular matrix (ECM) through the actions of transglutaminase (TGase) enzymes. Trappin-2 is present in many tissues and is upregulated at sites of injury. In osteoarthritis (OA), serine proteases contribute to articular cartilage destruction, and TGase activity is increased.

Retrieval of an intact, intraarticular bullet by hip arthroscopy using the lateral approach.

A twenty-seven-year-old man sustained a gunshot wound to the left gluteal region. Both plain films and a computed tomography (CT) scan confirmed that the bullet was in the hip joint. Using the lateral approach, the patient underwent hip arthroscopy, and the bullet was removed without difficulty.