Prolonged Surveillance in Inverted Papilloma Reveals Delayed Recurrence and Lack of Benefit to Frozen Section.

Background: To reduce recurrence rates of inverted papilloma (IP), some have argued for the use of intraoperative frozen margins; results remain mixed and studies critically lack lengthy surveillance periods.

Objective: We aim to elucidate the impact of prolonged surveillance and intraoperative frozen margins on IP recurrence.

Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent resection of IP at a tertiary care center over a 10-year period from 2008 to 2018 followed by subsequent surveillance.

Bleeding risk from nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs after functional endoscopic sinus surgery: Analysis of the TriNetX database.

Objectives: Postoperative pain medications and aspirin before undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) are managed carefully due to concern for bleeding. Little is known regarding the increase in the risk of bleeding for patients unable to stop aspirin as trials are limited in this area. We compared outcomes for patients undergoing FESS who were managed postoperatively with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) versus opioids.

Effects of pyocyanin and 1-hydroxyphenazine on intracellular calcium, mitochondrial function, and viability in human nasal epithelial cells.

is an opportunistic pathogen that produces phenazine metabolites pyocyanin and 1-hydroxyphenazine that have been suggested to have detrimental effects on mitochondrial function and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Prior studies have suggested activation of Ca signaling by pyocyanin in an airway cell line. Ca is tightly linked to both normal mitochondrial function as well as mitochondrial ROS and apoptosis during mitochondrial Ca overload.

Hops bitter β-acids have antibacterial effects against sinonasal Staphylococcus aureus but also induce sinonasal cilia and mitochondrial dysfunction.

Background: Routine prescription of antibiotics to treat chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) exacerbations may contribute to the propagation of antibiotic resistance. Hops bitter β-acids lupulone and colupulone possess potent antibacterial activities and, as T2R1, T2R14, and/or T2R40 agonists, may improve the impaired mucociliary clearance described in CRS patients. We investigated these molecules as alternative treatments to antibiotics in CRS management based on their antibacterial and T2Rs agonists properties.

Common Cold Coronavirus 229E Induces Higher Interferon Stimulating Gene Responses in Human Nasal Epithelial Cells from Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Polyposis.

Background: Viral infections have long been implicated in the development of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Given widespread exposure to the common cold coronavirus 229E (HCoV229E), we sought to investigate how HCoV-229E is cleared and stimulates interferon pathways in air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures from patients with CRSwNP.

Objective: The objective of this study was to identify whether viral clearance and ISG expression is different in ALI cultures from donors with CRSwNP compared with controls.

Choice of Adjuvant Radiotherapy Facility in Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Objective: Undergoing surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy (aRT) at the same facility has been associated with higher overall survival (OS) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Our study investigates whether undergoing surgery and aRT at the same academic facility is associated with higher OS compared with separate facilities in sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC).

Methods: The 2006 to 2017 National Cancer Database was queried for patients with SNSCC undergoing surgery at an academic facility followed by aRT with or without adjuvant chemotherapy.

Endoscopic endonasal resection of olfactory tract hamartoma for pediatric epilepsy.

Background: Non-hypothalamic glioneural hamartomas are rare entities known to cause medically refractory epilepsy. Olfactory bulb hamartomas, in particular, are exceptionally rare.

Methods: We describe a case of an olfactory bulb hamartoma that was surgically resected at our institution.

Comparative analysis of traditional machine learning and automated machine learning: advancing inverted papilloma versus associated squamous cell carcinoma diagnosis.

Inverted papilloma conversion to squamous cell carcinoma is not always easy to predict. AutoML requires much less technical knowledge and skill to use than traditional ML. AutoML surpassed the traditional ML algorithm in differentiating IP from IP-SCC.

EDS-FLU efficacy in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with or without prior sinus surgery in ReOpen1 and ReOpen2 randomized controlled trials.

Background: The inability of topical medications to reach sinus cavities is a potential reason for lack of efficacy in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). One purpose of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is to enable delivery of medications into the sinus cavities. The exhalation delivery system with fluticasone (EDS-FLU; XHANCE) creates unique biomechanics that enable deposition of intranasal corticosteroid into sinuses and sinus drainage pathways but may have differing efficacy in operated versus unoperated sinuses.

Quality-of-Life Outcomes Following Endoscopic Resection of Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma.

Objectives: There is growing interest in assessing patient quality of life (QOL) following treatment of sinonasal tumors, including inverted papilloma (IP). We aimed to elucidate the natural history of postoperative QOL outcomes in IP patients treated with surgery.

Methods: Cases of sinonasal IP treated surgically at 4 tertiary academic rhinology centers were retrospectively reviewed.

Subtotal Middle Turbinate Resection in Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps is Unlikely to Cause Empty Nose Syndrome: A Multi-Institutional Prospective Study.

Background: Empty nose syndrome (ENS) is a poorly understood, debilitating condition affecting a minority of patients who underwent nasal airway surgery, most commonly following inferior turbinate surgery. Few publications have demonstrated middle turbinate resection (MTR) causing ENS, but MTR is still considered a potential cause of ENS. The Empty Nose Syndrome 6-item Questionnaire (ENS6Q) is validated for ENS diagnosis, with ENS6Q ≥ 11 considered highly suggestive of ENS.

Longer-term surveillance imaging and endoscopy critical for majority of patients in detection of sinonasal malignancy recurrence.

Background: Sinonasal malignancy surveillance paradigms are often based on Head and Neck National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines, which do not recommend standard surveillance imaging beyond 6 months without concerning symptomatology or physical examination findings.

Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of all patients who underwent resection of sinonasal malignancy at a tertiary care center over a 20-year period from 2000 to 2020, with an ensuing surveillance period demonstrating recurrence.

Results: Fifty-two patients with sinonasal malignancy recurrence were included, with an average time to recurrence of 30.

Matrix metalloproteinase-11 regulates inverted papilloma epithelial cell migration and invasion.

Background: Inverted papilloma (IP) is a benign tumor characterized by epithelial proliferation, which has the potential for malignant transformation. However, the mechanisms driving this transformation are poorly defined. Matrix metalloproteinase-11 (MMP-11), a regulator of the tumor microenvironment that degrades extracellular matrix, is upregulated in IP with dysplasia.

Effects of Akt Activator SC79 on Human M0 Macrophage Phagocytosis and Cytokine Production.

Akt is an important kinase in metabolism. Akt also phosphorylates and activates endothelial and neuronal nitric oxide (NO) synthases (eNOS and nNOS, respectively) expressed in M0 (unpolarized) macrophages. We showed that e/nNOS NO production downstream of bitter taste receptors enhances macrophage phagocytosis.

University of Washington Quality of Life subdomain outcomes after treatment of sinonasal malignancy: A prospective, multicenter study.

Purpose: Sinonasal malignancies (SNMs) adversely impact patients' quality of life (QOL) and are frequently identified at an advanced stage. Because these tumors are rare, there are few studies that examine the specific QOL areas that are impacted. This knowledge would help improve the care of these patients.

Personalized Approach to Olfactory Neuroblastoma Care.

Olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) is an uncommon neuroendocrine malignancy arising from the olfactory neuroepithelium. ONB frequently presents with nonspecific sinonasal complaints, including nasal obstruction and epistaxis, and diagnosis can be obtained through a combination of physical examination, nasal endoscopy, and computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Endoscopic resection with negative margins, with or without craniotomy, as necessary, is the standard of care for definitive treatment of ONB.

Endoscopic Repair of Anterior Skull Base Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks is Successful in Frail Patients.

Objective: Surgical frailty estimates a patient's ability to withstand the physiologic stress of an intervention. There is limited data regarding the impact of frailty on endoscopic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak repair.

Methods: Patients undergoing CSF leak repair at two tertiary academic skull base programs were retrospectively reviewed.