Access to Athletic Trainers and Emergency Medical Services Activations for Sport-Related Injuries.

Context: Having athletic trainers (ATs) employed at secondary schools is associated with improved preparedness for sport-related emergencies. The use of emergency medical services (EMS) in settings with different access to athletic training services remains unknown.

Objective: To compare the incidence of EMS activations for patients with sport-related injuries among zip codes with various levels of access to athletic training services.

Knowledge and Attitudes of Concussion Reporting Behavior Intentions in Parents of Youth Recreational Football Players.

: This study: (1) Described the knowledge, attitudes, and reported behavior intentions of young recreational football players' parents toward concussion. (2) Investigated associations of the previous variables with parent demographics. Materials and A cross-sectional design utilized an online platform to survey parents of children (8-14 yrs.

Practices and Perceptions of Family-Centered Care: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Secondary School Athletic Trainers.

Family-centered care (FCC) includes collaboration between families and healthcare providers, the creation of flexible policies, and the family taking an active role in the delivery of care. Secondary school athletic trainers provide care for underage patients in school-based health systems, making them responsible for maintaining communication with parents, guardians, and/or caregivers. This cross-sectional survey investigated the extent to which athletic trainers (n = 205) include aspects of FCC in their daily secondary school clinical practice (current practices = CP) and whether they believe that aspect of care is necessary for FCC to be provided in athletic training (perceived necessary = PN) in their everyday practice using the Family-Centered Care Questionnaire-Revised tool.

The Association Between Access to Athletic Trainers and Emergency Medical Services Activations for Sport-Related Injuries.

Context: Having athletic trainers (ATs) employed at secondary schools is associated with improved preparedness for sport-related emergencies. Utilization of emergency medical services (EMS) with different access to athletic training services remains unknown.

Objective: Compare the incidence of EMS activations for sport-related injuries between zip-codes with varying access to athletic training services.

Epidemiology of Emergency Medical Services Activations for Sport-Related Injuries in the United States.

Background Literature examining emergency medical services (EMS) activations for sport-related injuries is limited to the pediatric, high school, and collegiate student-athlete populations, excluding older individuals and recreational athletes. The purpose of this study was to examine EMS activations for sport-related injuries using the National EMS Information System Database from 2017-2018. Methods Data were obtained using the National EMS Information System Database from 2017-2018.

Improper Fit in American Youth Football Helmets Across One Competitive Season.

Improper helmet fit is related to sport-related concussion symptomology. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of improperly fit helmets in American youth tackle football players across one competitive season. Four recreation leagues including 147 players (45.

Concussion Knowledge, Attitudes, and Self-Reporting Intentions in Youth Athletes.

Context: Although it has been suggested that developmental and sociological factors play a role in concussion reporting, the empirical evidence related to this is limited.

Objective: To examine the influences of sex, school level, school location, concussion-reporting history, and socioeconomic status on concussion-related knowledge, attitudes, and reporting intentions among middle school and high school athletes.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Injury Incidence in Youth, High School, and NCAA Men's Lacrosse.

Background: We compared injury incidence and mechanisms among youth, high school (HS), and National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) boys' and men's lacrosse athletes for the 2014-2015 to 2016-2017 lacrosse seasons.

Methods: Multiple injury surveillance systems were used to capture 21 youth boys', 22 HS boys', and 20 NCAA men's lacrosse team-seasons of data during the 2014-2015 to 2016-2017 seasons. Athletic trainers reported game and practice injuries and athlete exposures (AEs).

Epidemiology of Youth Boys' and Girls' Lacrosse Injuries in the 2015 to 2016 Seasons.

Purpose: Examinations of injury among younger populations of lacrosse players that are beginning their development is limited. This study describes the epidemiology of youth boys' and girls' lacrosse injuries during the 2015 to 2016 seasons.

Methods: Surveillance data originated from a convenience sample of 10 leagues in five states with 1090 boy lacrosse players and 408 girl lacrosse players from the U9-U15 divisions.

The epidemiology of NCAA men's lacrosse injuries, 2009/10-2014/15 academic years.

Background: Participation in lacrosse has grown at the collegiate levels. However, little research has examined the epidemiology of collegiate men's lacrosse injuries. This study describes the epidemiology of injuries in National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) men's lacrosse during the 2009/10-2014/15 academic years.

Environmental Conditions and Seasonal Variables in American Youth Football Leagues.

Our study describes youth football (YFB) environmental conditions and the associated heat index (HI) risk category. An observational research design was utilized. Independent variables included month, time, event, and geographic location.

Comprehensive Coach Education Reduces Head Impact Exposure in American Youth Football.

Background: Despite little evidence that defines a threshold of head impact exposure or that participation in youth sports leads to long-term cognitive impairments, it is prudent to identify methods of reducing the frequency of head impacts.

Purpose: To compare the mean number of head impacts between youth football players in practice and games between leagues that implemented the Heads Up Football (HUF) educational program and those that did not (NHUF).

Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Comprehensive Coach Education and Practice Contact Restriction Guidelines Result in Lower Injury Rates in Youth American Football.

Background: Research evaluating the effect of comprehensive coach education and practice contact restriction in youth football injury rates is sparse. In 2012, USA Football released their Heads Up Football coaching education program (HUF), and Pop Warner Football (PW) instituted guidelines to restrict contact during practice.

Purpose: To compare injury rates among youth football players aged 5 to 15 years by whether their leagues implemented HUF and/or were PW-affiliated.

Injury Rates in Age-Only Versus Age-and-Weight Playing Standard Conditions in American Youth Football.

Background: American youth football leagues are typically structured using either age-only (AO) or age-and-weight (AW) playing standard conditions. These playing standard conditions group players by age in the former condition and by a combination of age and weight in the latter condition. However, no study has systematically compared injury risk between these 2 playing standards.

The Role of Personality in Job Satisfaction Among Collegiate Athletic Trainers.

Context: The degree to which an individual likes his or her job is known as job satisfaction. A person with higher job satisfaction is less likely to depart from a profession than a person with lower job satisfaction. Researchers studying job satisfaction among other allied health professionals suggest a personality component could explain why the reasons for departure can be so individual.

Diagnostic problem solving in male collegiate athletic trainers.

Context: Knowledge and experience may be important factors for understanding expertise based upon a clinician's ability to select and execute an appropriate response as a clinician during injury evaluation.

Objective: To describe how collegiate male certified athletic trainers represent injury-evaluation domain knowledge during a situational interview using a think-aloud protocol.

Design: Qualitative.

Clinical integration and how it affects student retention in undergraduate athletic training programs.

Context: A better understanding of why students leave an undergraduate athletic training education program (ATEP), as well as why they persist, is critical in determining the future membership of our profession.

Objective: To better understand how clinical experiences affect student retention in undergraduate ATEPs.

Design: Survey-based research using a quantitative and qualitative mixed-methods approach.

An assessment of burnout in graduate assistant certified athletic trainers.

Context: Graduate assistant athletic trainers (GAATs) must balance the demands of clinical care and the academic load of graduate-level students.

Objective: To examine burnout among GAATs with clinical assistantships at National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I institutions and to identify the personal and situational variables that are related to burnout.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Proteoglycans: gene cloning.

Aggrecan is a large proteoglycan that plays roles in numerous tissues during vertebrate development and adult life. The 6,327-nt chick aggrecan coding sequence had been determined from overlapping clones, but a full-length cDNA, needed for use in transgenic expression studies, had not been constructed. The strategy employed to do so was to generate two overlapping cDNA subfragments that shared a unique restriction site in the overlap and then join them at that site.

Retention and attrition factors for female certified athletic trainers in the National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Football Bowl Subdivision setting.

Context: Organizational effectiveness and the continuity of patient care can be affected by certain levels of attrition. However, little is known about the retention and attrition of female certified athletic trainers (ATs) in certain settings.

Objective: To gain insight and understanding into the factors and circumstances affecting female ATs' decisions to persist in or leave the National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I Football Bowl Subdivision (NCAA D-I FBS) setting.

Key factors for providing appropriate medical care in secondary school athletics: athletic training services and budget.

Context: Research suggests that appropriate medical care for interscholastic athletes is frequently lacking. However, few investigators have examined factors related to care.

Objective: To examine medical care provided by interscholastic athletics programs and to identify factors associated with variations in provision of care.

Keeping your head in the game: sport-specific imagery and anxiety among injured athletes.

Context: The use of sport-specific imagery during rehabilitation is sparse. Athletes who used imagery (either facilitative or debilitative) during injury rehabilitation were compared with injured athletes who did not use imagery. Return-to-practice anxiety in the groups was investigated also.

Attractors to an athletic training career in the high school setting.

Context: Employment opportunities for athletic trainers (ATs) in the high school setting have increased greatly in the past few years and will most likely continue to increase. Understanding what attracts individuals to become ATs and work in the high school setting is a complex process.

Objective: (1) To examine attractors to the athletic training profession and the high school setting, (2) to determine what, if any, differences exist between attractors to the profession and those to the high school setting, and (3) to identify whether differences in attractors can be attributed to sex, time of decision, or job status.