Physiological Fitness of U.S. Army Aviators Compared to the U.S. General Population.

U.S. Army aviators are required to maintain a level of physiological fitness as part of their qualifying process, which suggests that they are generally physically healthy.

Assessing the variation in amount of pressure exerted by haemostatic pressure bandages: a volunteer study.

We assess the range of pressures exerted by haemostatic compression bandages on upper limb arterial injuries. Maintaining a pink hand can act as a safety marker to prevent excessive bandage pressure and avert compression injuries.

A Comparison of Nonhuman Primate Injuries in Horizontal Versus Vertical Sled +Gz (Head-to-Foot) Impact Accelerations.

Introduction: Accelerative events commonly expose military pilots to potentially injurious + Gz (axial, caudal to cranial) accelerations. The Naval Biodynamics Laboratory exposed nonhuman primates (NHPs) to + Gz loading in two subject orientations (supine or upright) to assess the effect of orientation and accelerations associated with injury at accelerations unsafe for human participation.

Materials And Methods: Archived care records, run records, and necropsy and pathology reports were used to identify acceleration-related injuries.

Aviation Maxillofacial Shields and Blunt Impact Protection in U.S. Army Helicopter Mishaps.

Maxillofacial shields (MFSs) are an available piece of aviation protective equipment designed to integrate into aircrew helmets and protect the face from wind and flying debris. Aviators have anecdotally reported that MFSs have provided blunt impact protection during impact events (i.e.

Trends in Metabolic Disorder in U.S. Army Aviators, 20162018.

Recent epidemiological studies of U.S. Army aviators have suggested higher than anticipated rates of hyperlipidemia and metabolic disorder.

Retrospective Assessment of U.S. Army Aviator Anthropometric Screening Process.

The current U.S. Army aviator anthropometric screening process for rotary-wing cockpit compatibility was codified over 30 yr ago.

How affinity of the ELT-2 GATA factor binding to acting regulatory sites controls intestinal gene transcription.

We define a quantitative relationship between the affinity with which the intestine-specific GATA factor ELT-2 binds to -acting regulatory motifs and the resulting transcription of , a target gene representative of genes involved in intestine differentiation. By establishing an experimental system that allows unknown parameters (e.g.

Common mental disorders among US army aviation personnel: Prevalence and return to duty.

Objectives: Assess the prevalence of US Army aviation personnel with common mental disorders, the percentage that return to duty following mental health treatment, and predictors of return to duty.

Methods: Examined the prevalence over a 5-year period. The percentage of personnel who were granted a waiver to return to flying duty following treatment was also determined.

A Strategy To Isolate Modifiers of Lethal Mutations: Investigating the Endoderm Specifying Ability of the Intestinal Differentiation GATA Factor ELT-2.

The ELT-2 GATA factor normally functions in differentiation of the endoderm, downstream of endoderm specification. We have previously shown that, if ELT-2 is expressed sufficiently early, it is also able to specify the endoderm and to replace all other members of the core GATA-factor transcriptional cascade (END-1, END-3, ELT-7). However, such rescue requires multiple copies (and presumably overexpression) of the :: cDNA transgene; a single copy of the transgene does not rescue.

Initial analysis of archived non-human primate frontal and rear impact data from the biodynamics data resource.

Objective: The research objective was to conduct an initial analysis of non-human primate (NHP) data from frontal and rear impact events archived in the Biodynamics Data Resource (BDR) records of the Naval Biodynamics Laboratory (NBDL). These rare data, collected between 1973 and 1989, will inform the safety community of upper-end tolerance limits of NHP and may be related to severe crash scenarios.

Methods: Data from frontal and rear acceleration tests to 93 macaque NHP were examined.

Quantitating transcription factor redundancy: The relative roles of the ELT-2 and ELT-7 GATA factors in the C. elegans endoderm.

The two GATA transcription factors ELT-2 and ELT-7 function in the differentiation of the C. elegans intestine. ELT-2 loss causes lethality.

Evaluation of Head and Brain Injury Risk Functions Using Sub-Injurious Human Volunteer Data.

Risk assessment models are developed to estimate the probability of brain injury during head impact using mechanical response variables such as head kinematics and brain tissue deformation. Existing injury risk functions have been developed using different datasets based on human volunteer and scaled animal injury responses to impact. However, many of these functions have not been independently evaluated with respect to laboratory-controlled human response data.

Probing and rearranging the transcription factor network controlling the endoderm.

The ELT-2 GATA factor is the predominant transcription factor regulating gene expression in the intestine, following endoderm specification. We comment on our previous study (Wiesenfahrt ., 2016) that investigated how the gene is controlled by END-1, END-3 and ELT-7, the 3 endoderm specific GATA factors that lie upstream in the regulatory hierarchy.

A 44 bp intestine-specific hermaphrodite-specific enhancer from the C. elegans vit-2 vitellogenin gene is directly regulated by ELT-2, MAB-3, FKH-9 and DAF-16 and indirectly regulated by the germline, by daf-2/insulin signaling and by the TGF-β/Sma/Mab pathway.

The Caenorhabditis elegans vitellogenin genes are transcribed in the intestine of adult hermaphrodites but not of males. A 44-bp region from the vit-2 gene promoter is able largely to reconstitute this tissue-, stage- and sex-specific-expression. This "enhancer" contains a binding site for the DM-domain factor MAB-3, the male-specific repressor of vitellogenesis, as well as an activator site that we show is the direct target of the intestinal GATA factor ELT-2.

The function and regulation of the GATA factor ELT-2 in the C. elegans endoderm.

ELT-2 is the major regulator of genes involved in differentiation, maintenance and function of C. elegans intestine from the early embryo to mature adult. elt-2 responds to overexpression of the GATA transcription factors END-1 and END-3, which specify the intestine, as well as to overexpression of the two GATA factors that are normally involved in intestinal differentiation, ELT-7 and ELT-2 itself.

Refractive surgery policy and its effect on visual acuity qualification rates for the 2004 and 2011 Army ROTC flight applicant pools.

Objectives: The goal of this study was to ascertain the effect of recent U.S. Army Aviation corneal refractive surgery (CRS) policy changes on the size of flight school applicant pools by comparing statistics from the 2004 and 2011 Warrior Forge Army Reserve Officers' Training Corps training camps.

Unusual DNA packaging characteristics in endoreduplicated Caenorhabditis elegans oocytes defined by in vivo accessibility to an endogenous nuclease activity.

Background: Germ cells in animals are highly specialized to preserve the genome. A distinct set of chromatin structures must be properly established in germ cells to maintain cell fate and genome integrity. We describe DNA-surface interactions in activated Caenorhabditis elegans oocytes that are revealed through the activity of an endogenous nuclease ('endocleavage').

A decision support model for prescribing internal cardiac defibrillators.

Purpose: Automatic internal cardiac defibrillators have various indications for placement. However, some patients may not fully benefit from this technology and the devices are expensive. Consequently, the aim of this paper is to describe a development model for clinical decision support to help providers offer their patients a more effective decision-making process.

The Caenorhabditis elegans intestine.

The transcriptional regulatory hierarchy that controls development of the Caenorhabditis elegans endoderm begins with the maternally provided SKN-1 transcription factor, which determines the fate of the EMS blastomere of the four-cell embryo. EMS divides to produce the posterior E blastomere (the clonal progenitor of the intestine) and the anterior MS blastomere, a major contributor to mesoderm. This segregation of lineage fates is controlled by an intercellular signal from the neighboring P2 blastomere and centers on the HMG protein POP-1.