Rethinking Data Collection Methods During the Pandemic: Development and Implementation of CATI for the All of Us Research Program.

The All of Us Research Program is a longitudinal cohort study aiming to build a diverse database to advance precision medicine. The COVID-19 pandemic hindered the ability of participants to receive in-person assistance at enrollment sites to complete digital surveys. Therefore, the program implemented Computer-Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI) to facilitate survey completion remotely to combat the disrupted data collection procedures.

Recent developments in the PySCF program package.

PySCF is a Python-based general-purpose electronic structure platform that supports first-principles simulations of molecules and solids as well as accelerates the development of new methodology and complex computational workflows. This paper explains the design and philosophy behind PySCF that enables it to meet these twin objectives. With several case studies, we show how users can easily implement their own methods using PySCF as a development environment.

Lowering of the complexity of quantum chemistry methods by choice of representation.

The complexity of the standard hierarchy of quantum chemistry methods is not invariant to the choice of representation. This work explores how the scaling of common quantum chemistry methods can be reduced using real-space, momentum-space, and time-dependent intermediate representations without introducing approximations. We find the scalings of exact Gaussian basis Hartree-Fock theory, second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory, and coupled cluster theory (specifically, linearized coupled cluster doubles and the distinguishable cluster approximation with doubles) to be O(N), O(N), and O(N), respectively, where N denotes the system size.

Building the infrastructure to accelerate evidence-generating mobile and wireless health research: National Institutes of Health and National Science Foundation perspectives.

This article describes current NIH and NSF initiatives to develop and evaluate mobile and wireless health infrastructures to further behavioral and social sciences research.

Gaussian and plane-wave mixed density fitting for periodic systems.

We introduce a mixed density fitting scheme that uses both a Gaussian and a plane-wave fitting basis to accurately evaluate electron repulsion integrals in crystalline systems. We use this scheme to enable efficient all-electron Gaussian based periodic density functional and Hartree-Fock calculations.

Gaussian-Based Coupled-Cluster Theory for the Ground-State and Band Structure of Solids.

We present the results of Gaussian-based ground-state and excited-state equation-of-motion coupled-cluster theory with single and double excitations for three-dimensional solids. We focus on diamond and silicon, which are paradigmatic covalent semiconductors. In addition to ground-state properties (the lattice constant, bulk modulus, and cohesive energy), we compute the quasiparticle band structure and band gap.

Number of accelerometer monitoring days needed for stable group-level estimates of activity.

To determine the number and distribution of days required to produce stable group-level estimates of a 7 d mean for common accelerometer-derived activity measures. Data from the 2003-2006 NHANES were used in this analysis. The sample included 986 youth (6-19 year) and 2532 adults (⩾20 year) with 7 d of  ⩾10 h of wear.

Technical overview on the MiStent coronary stent.

Drug-eluting stents (DES) have dramatically improved the long-term efficacy of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Over the last decade there have been numerous advances in DES platforms, however, all but one currently approved DES in the United States and many of the approved DES worldwide still have 3 common features: a metal stent platform, an anti-proliferative drug, and a permanent polymer. In this context, the polymer is critical to control drug release, but the polymer serves no purpose after the drug is eluted.

Use of population-referenced total activity counts percentiles to assess and classify physical activity of population groups.

Objectives: Population-referenced total activity counts per day (TAC/d) percentiles provide public health practitioners a standardized measure of physical activity (PA) volume obtained from an accelerometer that can be compared across populations. The purpose of this study was to describe the application of TAC/d population-referenced percentiles to characterize the PA levels of population groups relative to US estimates.

Methods: A total of 679 adults participating in the 2011 NYC Physical Activity Transit survey wore an ActiGraph accelerometer on their hip for seven consecutive days.

Physical activity and sedentary behavior in breast cancer survivors: New insight into activity patterns and potential intervention targets.

Background: Inactivity and sedentary behavior are related to poorer health outcomes in breast cancer survivors. However, few studies examining these behaviors in survivors have used objective measures, considered activities other than moderate-to-vigorous intensity activity (MVPA) and/or sedentary behavior (i.e.

Ability of thigh-worn ActiGraph and activPAL monitors to classify posture and motion.

Purpose: This study compared sitting, standing, and stepping classifications from thigh-worn ActiGraph and activPAL monitors under laboratory and free-living conditions.

Methods: Adults wore both monitors on the right thigh while performing activities (six sitting, two standing, nine stepping, and one cycling) and writing on a whiteboard with intermittent stepping under laboratory conditions (n = 21) and under free-living conditions for 3 d (n = 18). Percent time correctly classified was calculated under laboratory conditions.

Accelerometer-based physical activity: total volume per day and standardized measures.

The use of accelerometers in physical activity (PA) research has increased exponentially over the past 20 yr. The first commercially available accelerometer for assessing PA, the Caltrac, was worn on the waist and estimated PA energy expenditure in kilocalories. Around 1995, the emphasis shifted to measuring minutes of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), especially for bouts of 10 min or longer.

Leveraging technology: creating and sustaining changes for health.

Objective: The rapid growth and evolution of health-related technology capabilities are driving an established presence in the marketplace and are opening up tremendous potential to minimize and/or mitigate barriers associated with achieving optimal health, performance, and readiness. This article summarizes technology-based strategies that promote healthy habits related to physical activity, nutrition, and sleep.

Materials And Methods: The Telemedicine and Advanced Technology Research Center convened a workshop titled "Leveraging Technology: Creating & Sustaining Changes for Health" (May 29-30, 2013, Fort Detrick, MD).

Associations between physical activity, sedentary time, sleep duration and daytime sleepiness in US adults.

Objective: To examine the associations between objectively measured physical activity (PA) or sedentary behavior and self-reported sleep duration or daytime sleepiness in a nationally representative sample of healthy US adults (N=2128).

Methods: We report analyses of four aspects of sedentary behavior and PA derived from accelerometry data (minutes of sedentary time, activity counts/minute, Minutes of Moderate and Vigorous PA [MVPA], and MVPA in 10-minute bouts) versus self-report of sleep duration and frequency of daytime sleepiness from the 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Results: Age and sex dependence of associations between PA and sleep were observed.

Evolution of accelerometer methods for physical activity research.

The technology and application of current accelerometer-based devices in physical activity (PA) research allow the capture and storage or transmission of large volumes of raw acceleration signal data. These rich data not only provide opportunities to improve PA characterisation, but also bring logistical and analytic challenges. We discuss how researchers and developers from multiple disciplines are responding to the analytic challenges and how advances in data storage, transmission and big data computing will minimise logistical challenges.

Adiposity and insufficient MVPA predict cardiometabolic abnormalities in adults.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to compare the extent to which different combinations of objectively measured sedentary behavior (SB) and physical activity contribute to cardiometabolic health.

Design And Methods: A population representative sample of 5268 individuals, ages 20-85 yr, was included from the combined 2003-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey datasets. Activity categories were created on the combined basis of objectively measured SB and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) tertiles.

Serial Evaluation of Vascular Response After Implantation of a New Sirolimus-Eluting Stent With Bioabsorbable Polymer (MISTENT): an optical coherence tomography and histopathological study.

Background: Novel vascular scaffolds aim at equipoise between safety and efficacy. Intravascular optical coherence tomography (OCT) allows in-vivo serial assessment of stent-vessel interactions with high resolution and frequent sampling and may complement histology assessment. We investigated the vascular response to a novel absorbable coating sirolimus-eluting stent (AC-SES) by means of serial OCT and histology evaluation in a porcine model.

Enhanced drug delivery capabilities from stents coated with absorbable polymer and crystalline drug.

Current drug eluting stent (DES) technology is not optimized with regard to the pharmacokinetics of drug delivery. A novel, absorbable-coating sirolimus-eluting stent (AC-SES) was evaluated for its capacity to deliver drug more evenly within the intimal area rather than concentrating drug around the stent struts and for its ability to match coating erosion with drug release. The coating consisted of absorbable poly-lactide-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) and crystalline sirolimus deposited by a dry-powder electrostatic process.

Evaluation of low-cost, objective instruments for assessing physical activity in 10-11-year-old children.

This study compared step counts detected by four, low-cost, objective, physical-activity-assessment instruments and evaluated their ability to detect moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) compared to the ActiGraph accelerometer (AG). Thirty-six 10-11-year-old children wore the NL-1000, Yamax Digiwalker SW 200, Omron HJ-151, and Walk4Life MVP concurrently with the AG during school hours on a single day. AG MVPA was derived from activity count data using previously validated cut points.

Protocols for evaluating equivalency of accelerometry-based activity monitors.

A wide array of accelerometer-based activity monitors has been developed to facilitate objective monitoring of physical activity behaviors, but it has proven difficult to equate outputs from different monitors. On the surface, commercially available monitors seem to be performing the same basic task-monitoring total body acceleration. However, differences in sensor properties and internal data processing have made it difficult to directly compare output from different monitors.

Effect of temporal domain on self-reported walking behaviors in the California Health Interview Survey.

Background: Question design can influence the validity and reliability of physical activity (PA) self-report instruments. This study assesses the effect of temporal domain ("days" walked versus "times" walked) on survey questions about walking behavior.

Methods: A 2005 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) subsample (n = 6332) reported the number of days or times they walked for leisure or transportation in the past 7 days and the usual time spent per day or per time.

Controlled and free-living evaluation of objective measures of sedentary and active behaviors.

Background: Emerging interest in the health impacts of sedentary behaviors has driven the exploration of objective instrumentation capable of capturing these behaviors. The purpose was to compare (under laboratory conditions) outputs from ActiGraph (AG), Intelligent Device for Energy Expenditure and Physical Activity (IDEEA), and activPAL Professional (AP) against direct observation (DO) in sedentary, standing, and active behaviors; and assess convergent validity of instrument outputs under free-living conditions.

Methods: Participants (13 males/16 females; 28.

Employment and physical activity in the U.S.

Background: Physical inactivity is a risk factor for obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and other chronic diseases that are increasingly prevalent in the U.S. and worldwide.