Trajectories of positive affect in autistic individuals during the transition to adulthood.

Recent research has revealed informative patterns about health, mental health, self-help skills, autism symptoms, and social skills during the transition to adulthood for autistic individuals. This study expands on these findings by examining how positive affect (e.g.

Corrigendum: Understanding profound autism: implications for stigma and supports.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.

Understanding profound autism: implications for stigma and supports.

Introduction: Societal perceptions and lack of understanding of autism spectrum disorder can be stigmatizing for autistic individuals and their families. This may be particularly the case for individuals who meet criteria for profound autism. Despite the considerable service needs of this marginalized group, there is little data on the prevalence of profound autism, nor on the experiences of those with profound autism and their families.

Writing Self-Concept, Text Engagement, and Writing Practices Across Contexts: Comparisons Between School-Age Children on the Autism Spectrum and Their Non-Autistic Peers.

Purpose: Autistic children demonstrate highly variable written language skills. Existing research has focused on examining autistic children's performance on direct assessments of written language. In contrast, few studies have sought to understand how autistic children conceptualize their writing abilities or engage with writing across different contexts compared to non-autistic peers.

Trajectories of Seizures, Medication Use, and Obesity Status into Early Adulthood in Autistic Individuals and Those with Other Neurodevelopmental Conditions.

Background: Physical and psychiatric health conditions affect the lives of many autistic adults. However, relatively little is known about individual trajectories in autistic individuals' physical and mental health from adolescence to adulthood.

Methods: This study uses a well-characterized longitudinal sample ( = 253) to investigate rates of seizures, medication use, and obesity, from early adolescence (age 10 years) into adulthood (age 30 years).

Influence of siblings on adaptive behavior trajectories in autism spectrum disorder.

Siblings have the potential to shape the developmental trajectories of individuals with autism spectrum disorder. Having siblings has been associated with better social communication skills, less severe non-verbal communication deficits, and improved theory of mind abilities in autism spectrum disorder. This study examined the influence of the presence of a sibling, participant's position in the birth order, gender of the closest-age sibling, and gender match of the sibling dyad on the rate of growth in adaptive skills from ages 9 to 26 years among individuals with autism spectrum disorder and individuals with a history of non-spectrum developmental disorders.

Post-High School Daily Living Skills in Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Objective: Daily living skills (DLS) are a predictor of positive outcomes in youths with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), yet little is known about trajectories of DLS in adults with ASD. This study investigated the impact of high school exit on participants' trajectories of daily living skills age equivalent (DLS-AE) scores from ages 2 to 26 and the relationship between DLS-AE trajectories and employment and education outcomes.

Method: Participants were 98 adults with ASD drawn from an ongoing longitudinal study.

Defining Positive Outcomes in More and Less Cognitively Able Autistic Adults.

Identifying positive outcomes for a wide range of intellectual abilities in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remains a challenge. Several past studies of autistic adults have used outcome definitions that do not reflect the experiences of less cognitively able adults. The aim of the current study was to (1) define three domains of outcomes: autonomy, social relationships, and purpose, and (2) examine how these outcomes relate to concurrent aspects of adult functioning.

Trajectories of co-occurring psychopathology symptoms in autism from late childhood to adulthood.

Given high rates of co-occurring conditions in youth and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), it is critical to examine the developmental trajectories of these symptoms of psychopathology. Using data from a cohort of participants (n = 194), most of whom were first assessed for ASD in very early childhood, we investigated the trajectories of co-occurring depressive, anxiety, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms from late childhood to adulthood. Additionally, childhood predictors and adult outcomes associated with these symptom trajectories were examined.

Isotype-specific outcomes in Fc gamma receptor targeting of PspA using fusion proteins as a vaccination strategy against Streptococcus pneumoniae infection.

Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) remains a considerable threat to public health despite the availability of antibiotics and polysaccharide conjugate vaccines. The lack of mucosal immunity in addition to capsular polysaccharide diversity, has proved to be problematic in developing a universal vaccine against Spn. Targeting antigen to Fc receptors is an attractive way to augment both innate and adaptive immunity against mucosal pathogens, by promoting interactions with activating Fcγ receptors (FcγR) that mediate diverse immunomodulatory functions.

Work, living, and the pursuit of happiness: Vocational and psychosocial outcomes for young adults with autism.

It is important to better understand how adults with autism are functioning in adulthood. Studies that have tracked individuals across the lifespan can help identify developmental factors influence differences in adult outcomes. The present study examines the independence, well-being, and functioning of 123 adults that have been closely followed since early childhood.

Macrophage subtype and cytokine expression characterization during the acute inflammatory phase of mouse bone fracture repair.

Fracture repair is a complex process requiring heterotypic interactions between osteogenic cells and immune cells. Recent evidence indicates that macrophages are critically involved in fracture repair. Polarized macrophage populations differentially promote and regulate inflammation in other tissues, but little is known about the various macrophage subtypes and their signaling activities following a bone fracture.

The adult outcome of children referred for autism: typology and prediction from childhood.

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder is highly heterogeneous, no more so than in the complex world of adult life. Being able to summarize that complexity and have some notion of the confidence with which we could predict outcome from childhood would be helpful for clinical practice and planning.

Methods: Latent class profile analysis is applied to data from 123 participants from the Early Diagnosis Study (Lord et al.

Brief Report: Investigating Relations Between Self-Concept and Performance in Reading and Math for School-Aged Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

A typically developing student's perceptions of his or her own capabilities (academic self-concept), is predictive of later academic achievement. However, little is known about academic self-concept in youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). To understand whether students math self-concept and reading self-concept predicted their performance, 44 school-aged children and adolescents with ASD and 36 age-matched individuals with typical development (TYP) rated their perceived math and reading abilities and were administered standardized achievement measures.

Self-Esteem, Internalizing Symptoms, and Theory of Mind in Youth With Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Self-esteem is a potent indicator of mental health in typically developing (TYP) individuals. It is surprising that there have been few comprehensive investigations of self-esteem in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), given that they are at high risk for comorbid mental health problems, such as depression and anxiety. The objectives of the current study were to assess how youth with ASD rate their self-esteem compared to age-matched TYP youth and to examine how self-esteem relates to internalizing psychopathology and theory of mind in the two groups.

Cognitive control and episodic memory in adolescents with autism spectrum disorders.

Introduction: To further investigate manifestations of episodic memory impairments in adolescents, we examined the role of encoding on recognition of stimuli in conditions designed to emphasize their item-specific versus relational characteristics in a group of 12-18 year olds with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). We also examined how strategic learning and memory processes, verbal abilities, attention, and age were associated with recognition in this group.

Materials And Method: Twenty two high functioning adolescents with ASD (mean age=15 years; SD=1.

Atomic-Level Understanding of "Asymmetric Twins" in Boron Carbide.

Recent observations of planar defects in boron carbide have been shown to deviate from perfect mirror symmetry and are referred to as "asymmetric twins." Here, we demonstrate that these asymmetric twins are really phase boundaries that form in stoichiometric B(4)C (i.e.

Clinical and Cognitive Characteristics Associated with Mathematics Problem Solving in Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Mathematics achievement in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been understudied. However, the ability to solve applied math problems is associated with academic achievement, everyday problem-solving abilities, and vocational outcomes. The paucity of research on math achievement in ASD may be partly explained by the widely-held belief that most individuals with ASD are mathematically gifted, despite emerging evidence to the contrary.

Assessment of the impact of rapid syphilis tests on syphilis screening and treatment of pregnant women in Zambia.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of rapid syphilis tests (RSTs) on syphilis testing and treatment in pregnant women in Kalomo District, Zambia.

Methods: In March 2012, health workers at all 35 health facilities in Kalomo Distract were trained in RST use and penicillin treatment. In March 2013, data were retrospectively abstracted from 18 randomly selected health facilities and stratified into three time intervals: baseline (6months prior to RST introduction), midline (0-6 months after RST introduction), and endline (7-12 months after RST introduction).

The effects of stoichiometry on the mechanical properties of icosahedral boron carbide under loading.

The effects of stoichiometry on the atomic structure and the related mechanical properties of boron carbide (B(4)C) have been studied using density functional theory and quantum molecular dynamics simulations. Computational cells of boron carbide containing up to 960 atoms and spanning compositions ranging from 6.7% to 26.

Selective bronchial intubation in a preterm infant with congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation and pulmonary air leak syndrome.

A preterm infant with congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) who developed a right-sided pulmonary air leak syndrome (pulmonary interstitial emphysema and bronchopleural fistula) following CCAM resection is reported. The pulmonary air leak syndrome was successfully ameliorated by intubating the right mainstem bronchus using a modified endotracheal tube that allowed selective ventilation of the left lung. The procedure was used successfully as rescue treatment to control the pulmonary air leak and to confirm the functional adequacy of the left lung prior to definitive operative surgery.

Longitudinal analysis of resting energy expenditure in patients with cystic fibrosis.

Objective: To assess whether elevated resting energy expenditure (REE) in female patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) persists longitudinally during late childhood and puberty.

Study Design: REE and body composition were measured 3 times in 2 years in 86 children with CF. Pubertal status, bacterial colonization, liver disease, pancreatic and pulmonary function, and genotype were determined, and linear mixed model analyses were used to determine predictors and changes in REE longitudinally.

Behavior of disordered boron carbide under stress.

Gibbs free-energy calculations based on density functional theory have been used to determine the possible source of failure of boron carbide just above the Hugoniot elastic limit (HEL). A range of B4C polytypes is found to be stable at room pressure. The energetic barrier for shock amorphization of boron carbide is by far the lowest for the B12(CCC) polytype, requiring only 6 GPa approximately = P(HEL) for collapse under hydrostatic conditions.