Anatomy for blepharoplasty and brow-lift.

The eyelids and eyebrows provide communicative, emotional, and protective functions through a complex interplay of muscles, tendons, and other local soft tissues. A surgical intervention involving these regions are renowned for their deceptive simplicity and notable complications. With these challenges in mind, this article provides the reader with a detailed and systematic review of the eyelid and brow anatomy.

Lemierre syndrome: a pediatric case series and review of literature.

Background: Lemierre syndrome is a rare disease of the head and neck often affecting adolescents and young adults. Classically, infection begins in the oropharynx with thrombosis of the tonsillar veins followed by involvement of the parapharyngeal space and the internal jugular vein. Septicemia and pulmonary lesions develop as infection spreads via septic emboli.

Gradient-index lens rod based probe for office-based optical coherence tomography of the human larynx.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an evolving noninvasive imaging modality that has been used to image the human larynx during surgical endoscopy. The design of a long gradient-index lens-based probe capable of capturing images of the human larynx by use of spectral domain OCT during a typical office-based laryngoscopy examination is presented. An optical-ballast-based 4f optical relay system is proposed to realize variable working distance with a constant optical delay.

Keloid banding using suture ligature: a novel technique and review of literature.

Introduction: Successful wound healing represents the coordinated response of cellular, cytokine, and growth factor mechanisms involved in tissue recovery. Disruptions in transforming growth factor-beta signaling, senescence/apoptosis, keratinocyte-fibroblast interactions, and other regulatory cascades can lead to the production of hypertrophic scar or keloid tissue formation. Current clinical investigations support surgical excision, meticulous closure, postoperative steroid injections, and postprocedural pressure dressings in the treatment of keloid tissue formation.

Optical coherence tomography-enhanced microlaryngoscopy: preliminary report of a noncontact optical coherence tomography system integrated with a surgical microscope.

Objectives: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a new imaging modality that uses near-infrared light to produce cross-sectional images of tissue with a resolution approaching that of light microscopy. We have previously reported use of OCT imaging of the vocal folds (VFs) during direct laryngoscopy with a probe held in contact or near-contact with the VFs. This aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a novel OCT system integrated with a surgical microscope to allow hands-free OCT imaging of the VFs, which could be performed simultaneously with microscopic visualization.

Optical coherence tomography of the newborn airway.

Objectives: Acquired subglottic stenosis in a newborn is often associated with prolonged endotracheal intubation. This condition is generally diagnosed during operative endoscopy after airway injury has occurred. Unfortunately, endoscopy is unable to characterize the submucosal changes observed in such airway injuries.

Imaging of the pediatric airway using optical coherence tomography.

Objectives: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an imaging modality that uses a broadband light source to produce high-resolution cross-sectional images in living tissue (8-20 microm). A prospective study of normal, benign, and pathologic tissues in the pediatric airway was conducted to assess the utility of OCT technology in characterizing the microanatomy of the pediatric upper aerodigestive tract in vivo.

Study Design: Prospective clinical trial.

In vivo optical coherence tomography of the human oral cavity and oropharynx.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an evolving imaging modality that combines interferometry with low-coherence light to produce high-resolution tissue imaging. Cross-sectional in vivo images were obtained using an OCT device consisting of a Michelson interferometer, 1.3-microm broadband light source, and a handheld fiberoptic imaging probe.

Optical coherence tomography of laryngeal cancer.

Objectives: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a high-resolution optical imaging technique that produces cross-sectional images of living tissues using light in a manner similar to ultrasound. This prospective study evaluated the ability of OCT to identify the characteristics of laryngeal cancer and measure changes in the basement membrane, tissue microstructure, and the transition zone at the edge of tumors.

Materials And Methods: One hundred thirty-three patients underwent OCT examination during surgical endoscopy of the head and neck.

In vivo optical coherence tomography of the human larynx: normative and benign pathology in 82 patients.

Objectives: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an emerging imaging modality that combines low-coherence light with interferometry to produce cross-sectional images of tissue with resolution about 10 mum. Patients undergoing surgical head and neck endoscopy were examined using a fiberoptic OCT imaging probe to study and characterize microstructural anatomy and features of the larynx and benign laryngeal pathology in vivo.

Study Design: Prospective clinical trial.

Characterization of submucosal lesions using optical coherence tomography in the rabbit subglottis.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of optical coherence tomography in differentiating between several simulated subglottic lesions, using an ex vivo rabbit laryngotracheal model.

Design: Laryngotracheal complexes were harvested from euthanized rabbits and divided into the following 4 groups: (1) control, (2) submucosal collagen injection (simulating scar formation), (3) dehydration and rehydration (simulating edema), and (4) repeated intubation trauma. The subglottic region was imaged using optical coherence tomography.