2019 Endocrine Society Measures Set for Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Who Are at Risk for Hypoglycemia.

Context: Hypoglycemia in the outpatient setting has a significant financial impact on the health care system and negative impact on a person's quality of life. Primary care physicians must address a multitude of issues in a visit with a person with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), often leaving little time to ask about hypoglycemia.

Objective: To develop quality measures that focus on outpatient hypoglycemia episodes for patients 65 and older with T2DM, which facilitate a clinician's ability to identify opportunities to improve the quality of care and reduce hypoglycemic episodes.

Primary Prevention of ASCVD and T2DM in Patients at Metabolic Risk: An Endocrine Society* Clinical Practice Guideline.

Objective: To develop clinical practice guidelines for the primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in individuals at metabolic risk for developing these conditions.

Conclusions: Health care providers should incorporate regular screening and identification of individuals at metabolic risk (at higher risk for ASCVD and T2DM) with measurement of blood pressure, waist circumference, fasting lipid profile, and blood glucose. Individuals identified at metabolic risk should undergo 10-year global risk assessment for ASCVD or coronary heart disease to determine targets of therapy for reduction of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins.

Lack of association of apolipoprotein E (Apo E) polymorphism with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome: the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Family Heart Study.

Objective: Metabolic syndrome (MetS), characterized by abdominal obesity, atherogenic dyslipidaemia, elevated blood pressure and insulin resistance, is a major public health concern in the United States. The effects of apolipoprotein E (Apo E) polymorphism on MetS are not well established.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study consisting of 1551 participants from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Family Heart Study to assess the relation of Apo E polymorphism with the prevalence of MetS.

Night-shift work and incident diabetes among African-American women.

Aims/hypothesis: The aim of this study was to assess shift work in relation to incident type 2 diabetes in African-American women.

Methods: In the Black Women's Health Study (BWHS), an ongoing prospective cohort study, we followed 28,041 participants for incident diabetes during 2005-2013. They answered questions in 2005 about having worked a night shift.

Birth weight and risk of type 2 diabetes in the black women's health study: does adult BMI play a mediating role?

Objective: To assess the association of birth weight with incident type 2 diabetes, and the possible mediating influence of obesity, in a large cohort of U.S. black women.

Depressive symptoms, antidepressant use, and the incidence of diabetes in the Black Women's Health Study.

Objective: To assess the relationship of depressive symptoms and use of antidepressants with incident type 2 diabetes in prospective data from a large cohort of U.S. African American women.

The influence of sex on cardiovascular outcomes associated with diabetes among older black and white adults.

Aims: It is unknown whether sex differences in the association of diabetes with cardiovascular outcomes vary by race. We examined sex differences in the associations of diabetes with incident congestive heart failure (CHF) and coronary heart disease (CHD) between older black and white adults.

Methods: We analyzed data from the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS), a prospective cohort study of community-dwelling individuals aged ≥65 from four US counties.

The association between small vessel infarcts and the activities of amyloid-β peptide degrading proteases in apolipoprotein E4 allele carriers.

Small vessel (SV) and large vessel (LV) brain infarcts are distinct pathologies. Using a homebound elderly sample, the numbers of either infarct subtypes were similar between those apolipoprotein E4 allele (ApoE4) carriers (n = 80) and noncarriers (n = 243). We found that the higher the number of SV infarcts, but not LV infarcts, a participant had, the higher the activity of substrate V degradation in serum especially among ApoE4 carriers (β = +0.

Comparison of diabetes control among Haitians, African Americans, and non-Hispanic whites in an urban safety-net hospital.

Objective: To compare diabetes care and outcomes among Haitians, African Americans, and non-Hispanic whites.

Research Design And Methods: We analyzed data from 715 Haitian, 1,472 African American, and 466 non-Hispanic white adults with diabetes using χ² testing and multiple logistic regression.

Results: Haitians had a higher mean A1C than African Americans (8.

Diabetes disease management in Medicare Advantage reduces hospitalizations and costs.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a telephonic diabetes disease management intervention in a Medicare Advantage population with comorbid diabetes and coronary artery disease (CAD).

Study Design: Prospective unequal randomization design of 526 members from a Medicare Advantage segment of one region of a large national health plan from May 2005 through April 2007.

Methods: High-risk and high-cost patients with diabetes and CAD who were enrolled in telephonic diabetes disease management were compared with a randomly selected comparison group receiving usual care.

The economic consequences of diabetes and cardiovascular disease in the United States.

Diabetes-related care and complications constitute a significant proportion of the United States' (US) health care expenditure. Of these complications, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major component. Higher morbidity and mortality rates translate to higher costs of care in patients with diabetes compared to those who do not have the disease.

Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes in patients at metabolic risk: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline.

Objective: The objective was to develop clinical practice guidelines for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in patients at metabolic risk.

Conclusions: Healthcare providers should incorporate into their practice concrete measures to reduce the risk of developing CVD and T2DM. These include the regular screening and identification of patients at metabolic risk (at higher risk for both CVD and T2DM) with measurement of blood pressure, waist circumference, fasting lipid profile, and fasting glucose.

Use of a disease severity index for evaluation of healthcare costs and management of comorbidities of patients with diabetes mellitus.

Objectives: To evaluate a stratification system for patients with diabetes mellitus according to severity of illness and care requirements and to correlate severity of illness with total medical and pharmaceutical costs of care.

Study Design, Patients, And Methods: A cohort of 697 patients with diabetes mellitus was followed in a diabetes clinic under a managed care plan. Patients were stratified according to severity of illness in 6 clinical areas: glycemic control, cardiovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease/peripheral neuropathy, eye disease, renal disease, and autonomic neuropathy.