Supplementation with vitamin D or ω-3 fatty acids in adolescent girls and young women with endometriosis (SAGE): a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Adolescents with endometriosis are a particularly underserved population who struggle with chronic pain. Despite widespread use, there are no published trials examining the individual effects of vitamin D and omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid supplementation on endometriosis-associated pain in adolescents.

Objectives: We aimed to determine whether supplementation with vitamin D or ω-3 fatty acids remediates pain, changes frequency of pain medication usage, or affects quality of life in young women with endometriosis.

Dairy consumption during adolescence and endometriosis risk.

Background: Modifiable risk factors such as diet may be important in both the etiology and progression of endometriosis as well as the prevalence of pain symptoms and infertility associated with this condition. In adults, higher intake of dairy has been associated with a lower risk of endometriosis diagnosis. There is currently no literature on whether dairy intake during adolescence, a potentially critical window of exposure, influences endometriosis risk.

Body mass index-associated differences in response to ovulation induction with letrozole.

Objective: To compare occurrence of pregnancy among obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥30) and nonobese (BMI <30), infertile women undergoing ovulation induction with the aromatase inhibitor letrozole followed by intrauterine insemination (IUI).

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Academic reproductive endocrinology and infertility clinic.

Abnormally low hCG in a complete hydatidiform molar pregnancy: The hook effect.

► The hook effect occurs with extremely high levels of hCG, saturating detection antibodies, leading to falsely low laboratory results. ► In the literature, descriptions of the hook effect are rare in cases of gestational trophoblastic diseases. ► If unrecognized, this can lead to delayed therapy or mismanagement of care.