A versatile nuclei extraction protocol for single nucleus sequencing in non-model species-Optimization in various Atlantic salmon tissues.

The use of single cell sequencing technologies has exploded over recent years, and is now commonly used in many non-model species. Sequencing nuclei instead of whole cells has become increasingly popular, as it does not require the processing of samples immediately after collection. Here we present a highly effective nucleus isolation protocol that outperforms previously available method in challenging samples in a non-model specie.

Phytochrome regulates cellular response plasticity and the basic molecular machinery of leaf development.

Plants are plastic organisms that optimize growth in response to a changing environment. This adaptive capability is regulated by external cues, including light, which provides vital information about the habitat. Phytochrome photoreceptors detect far-red light, indicative of nearby vegetation, and elicit the adaptive shade-avoidance syndrome (SAS), which is critical for plant survival.

Phytochromes control metabolic flux, and their action at the seedling stage determines adult plant biomass.

Phytochrome photoreceptors are known to regulate plastic growth responses to vegetation shade. However, recent reports also suggest an important role for phytochromes in carbon resource management, metabolism, and growth. Here, we use 13CO2 labelling patterns in multiallele phy mutants to investigate the role of phytochrome in the control of metabolic fluxes.

Dynamic ubiquitination determines transcriptional activity of the plant immune coactivator NPR1.

Activation of systemic acquired resistance in plants is associated with transcriptome reprogramming induced by the unstable coactivator NPR1. Immune-induced ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of NPR1 are thought to facilitate continuous delivery of active NPR1 to target promoters, thereby maximising gene expression. Because of this potentially costly sacrificial process, we investigated if ubiquitination of NPR1 plays transcriptional roles prior to its proteasomal turnover.

Proteasome-associated HECT-type ubiquitin ligase activity is required for plant immunity.

Regulated degradation of proteins by the 26S proteasome plays important roles in maintenance and signalling in eukaryotic cells. Proteins are marked for degradation by the action of E3 ligases that site-specifically modify their substrates by adding chains of ubiquitin. Innate immune signalling in plants is deeply reliant on the ubiquitin-26S proteasome system.

Cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases in salicylic acid-mediated plant immune signaling.

Plant immune responses against biotrophic pathogens are regulated by the signaling hormone salicylic acid (SA). SA establishes immunity by regulating a variety of cellular processes, including programmed cell death (PCD) to isolate and kill invading pathogens, and development of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) which provides long-lasting, broad-spectrum resistance throughout the plant. Central to these processes is post-translational modification of SA-regulated signaling proteins by ubiquitination, i.