Assessing Theoretical Considerations of Effects Within a Behavioural Obesity Treatment in Women: Implications for Medical Professional Referral.

Rationale: Obesity is an increasing medical issue not responding well to behavioural treatments beyond their initial weeks/months.

Aims And Objectives: Before suggesting surgical or pharmacological interventions, medical professionals might consider referrals to cost-effective, community-based behavioural treatments if stronger theoretical/empirical bases were demonstrated. Thus, evaluation of such is warranted.

Theory-Driven Behavioral Obesity Treatment and Carry-Over of Exercise-Related, to Eating-Related, Self-Regulation: Effects on Short- and Long-Term Weight/Waist Circumference Reductions.

The predominant method for treating obesity has been suggesting and providing information on a controlled diet and, to a lesser extent, increased exercise. That approach has largely failed beyond the short term for many decades as obesity rates continue to rise. Therefore, leveraging improvements in psychosocial correlates of weight-loss behaviors has sometimes been suggested instead.

Impacts of early psychological changes on correlates of weight-loss maintenance: Seeking increased precision for sustained behavioural obesity treatment effects.

Issue Addressed: Obesity is an increasing worldwide health issue. In affluent English-speaking countries, obesity ranges from ~28% (Australia) to ~42% (United States) of the adult population. Enabling weight loss beyond an initial 6 months is an unresolved challenge.

Obesity treatment-associated transfer of exercise-related self-regulation to eating-related self-regulation changes in women.

Obesity in the United States has risen to 42 percent of its adult population and is similarly problematic in many other countries. Although the U.S.

Relationship of increased fruit/vegetable intake with reduced consumption of sweets: Psychological mechanisms and associated weight loss in women within behavioral obesity treatments.

Although an increase in fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption in adults might result in reductions in their intake of sweets, there has been minimal direct testing of this. Women participated in 6-month community-based obesity treatment conditions where either their psychological skills development ( = 66) or knowledge regarding healthful eating and exercise ( = 39) was emphasized. Improvements in FV and sweets intake, eating-related self-regulation, self-efficacy for controlled eating, and negative mood were significantly more pronounced in the psychological skills group participants.

Behavioral and Psychosocial Mediators of the Effects of Increased Self-Regulation on Short- and Long-Term Weight Loss in Women Within Community-Based Obesity Treatments.

The aim of this study was to evaluate behavioral mediators of relationships between increased self-regulation of eating and weight loss so that findings on psychosocial correlates of treatment-associated weight change could be extended. Participants were women enrolled in 6-month community-based obesity treatments using primarily self-regulatory (SR-treatment, = 52) or education-focused (Didactic training, = 54) methods. Changes from baseline in self-regulation of eating, self-efficacy for controlled eating, emotional eating propensity, exercise, and the diet were first calculated.

Virtual fitness buddy ecosystem: a mixed reality precision health physical activity intervention for children.

6-11-year-old children provide a critical window for physical activity (PA) interventions. The Virtual Fitness Buddy ecosystem is a precision health PA intervention for children integrating mixed reality technology to connect people and devices. A cluster randomized, controlled trial was conducted across 19 afterschool sites over two 6-month cohorts to test its efficacy in increasing PA and decreasing sedentary behavior.

Self-regulatory and self-efficacy mechanisms of weight loss in women within a community-based behavioral obesity treatment.

Given the traditional methods of treating obesity through education on controlling eating and increasing exercise have largely failed beyond the very short term, a more intensive focus on psychosocial correlates of those weight-loss behaviors has been suggested. Multiple behavioral theories incorporate self-regulation, self-efficacy, and mood; however, their interrelations and effects over both the short and long term within cognitive-behavioral obesity treatments remain unclear. Within a novel community-based program with women with obesity who had either low (n = 29) or high (n = 71) mood disturbance scores, there were significant improvements in exercise- and eating-related self-regulation and eating-related self-efficacy-primary targets of that intervention-with no significant difference in those changes by mood disturbance grouping.

Psychosocial Predictors of Maintained Weight Loss in Women: Informing Behavioral Obesity Treatment Foci.

Background: Behavioral obesity treatments are typically unable to facilitate meaningful weight loss beyond the short term. Implications of malleable psychosocial factors are unclear, which limits behavioral intervention contents. The current aim was to inform obesity treatments to improve their foci on psychosocial factors leading to resilient behavioral changes and maintained weight loss.

Temporal Aspects of Psychosocial Mediators of the Exercise-Weight Loss Maintenance Relationship Within Scalable Behavior-Change Treatments.

Study Background: Limited knowledge of psychological correlates of weight loss is associated with continuing failures of behavioral obesity treatments beyond the short term.

Purpose: This study aimed to inform health professionals' obesity interventions via an increased knowledge of mediators of the exercise-weight loss maintenance relationship.

Methods: Women participated in 6-month obesity treatments within community settings emphasizing moderate exercise and self-regulation skills development via primarily in-person (= 54) or primarily written (= 54) means.

Carry-Over of Exercise-Related Self-Regulation to Eating-Related Self-Regulation in Women Participating in Behavioral Obesity Treatments.

: Because obesity has not responded well to instructing affected adults in healthier eating behaviors and increased physical activity/exercise, enhanced research on psychosocial determinants of those behavioral changes is needed. Intervention foci on self-regulation have been suggested, but targeted research is required. : Women with obesity participated in community-based treatments that were either self-regulation-focused (self-regulation emphasis group;  = 52) or typical instruction-based (education [treatment-as-usual] group;  = 54).

Effects of cardiovascular exercise on eating behaviours: Accounting for effects on stress, depression-, and anger-related emotional eating in women with obesity.

Obesity remains a medical issue of great concern. Behavioural methods attempting to induce weight loss have largely failed because of a minimal understanding of stress- and depression-associated psychosocial correlates. This study extended research into the effects of exercise on weight loss through psychological pathways to improve treatments.

Short- and Long-Term Weight Loss Among Women Is Unrelated to Completed Exercise Within an Obesity Intervention Focused on Self-Regulation.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate 1) if completed exercise amounts were associated with short- and long-term weight loss within a cognitive behavioral intervention and 2) if changes in theory-based psychosocial factors significantly explained weight change.

Methods: A total of 110 women with obesity participated in a yearlong treatment focused on self-regulation and were grouped based on their amount of completed exercise and assessed on changes in weight, self-regulation, and self-efficacy.

Results: There were significant overall improvements in all study measures from baseline-month 6 and baseline-month 12.

Effects of Women's Body Satisfaction, Emotional Eating, and Race on Short-, Mid-, and Long-term Weight Loss.

Objective: To improve understanding of psychosocial factors, their changes, and racial differences with implications for behavioral obesity treatments.

Methods: Women with obesity of White (n = 64) and Black (n = 33) racial groups participated in cognitive-behavioral community-based obesity treatment and were assessed on body satisfaction, emotional eating, and weight changes over 3, 6, 12, and 24 months via mixed-model repeated-measures analysis of variance and stepwise multiple regression analyses.

Results: Baseline body satisfaction scores were significantly higher (P < 0.

Effects of women's age on their emotional eating changes within a self-regulation-focused obesity treatment.

Results of behavioral obesity treatments have generally been unsuccessful. Reduction of participants' emotional eating (EE) might be essential. Women with obesity within age-groups of emerging adult, young adult, and middle-aged adult - participating in a community-based obesity treatment centered around self-regulatory skills to control eating - were evaluated over 6 months.

Theory to treatment to theory: Evolving a community-based obesity intervention.

Within weight-loss treatments, a better understanding of psychosocial correlates of exercise and controlled eating is required to improve lagging outcomes. Within this two-phase study, women with obesity participating in community-based treatments with educational (Phase 1 n = 57, Phase 2 n = 44) and behavioral (Phase 1 n = 80, Phase 2 n = 53) formats were contrasted on psychosocial variables over 3 and 6 months and their interrelations based on the mood-behavior-model and coaction theory. Phase 1 findings informed curricular extensions in Phase 2.

The Role of Change in Self-efficacy in Maintaining Exercise-Associated Improvements in Mood Beyond the Initial 6 Months of Expected Weight Loss in Women with Obesity.

Background: Although mechanisms are unclear, there is a robust association between exercise and mood improvements. However, beyond ~ 6 months of expected weight loss, weight-management behaviors such as exercise wane as weight gradually regains in most adults. The amount of exercise required to maintain mood improvement is unknown, as is the possible role of theory-based psychosocial changes associated with treatment such as in self-efficacy.

Emotional Eating: Psychosocial Bases, Accordingly Directed Treatment Design, and Longitudinal Effects in Women with Obesity.

Emotional eating (eating triggered by adverse mood) might be an important psychosocial variable to address to improve overwhelmingly deficient obesity treatment outcomes in women. However, emotional eating has rarely been focused upon in a systematic, evidence-based manner. Within Part 1 of this field-based study completed within community health-promotion centers the United States, a treatment protocol was developed targeting negative mood, body satisfaction, and self-efficacy to resist negative emotion-related eating (SE-NegEm), which were the significant psychosocial predictors of emotional eating found at baseline in the women participants with obesity.

Contrasts of Initial and Gain Scores in Obesity Treatment-Targeted Psychosocial Variables by Women Participants' Weight Change Patterns Over 2 Years.

The typical pattern of weight change associated with behavioral obesity treatments has been some loss in weight through approximately 6 months, followed by near complete regain. However, patterns vary widely across individuals. The objectives are to determine whether recent prediction model-based indications of relations among changes in psychosocial correlates of the weight loss behaviors of physical activity and controlled eating vary by patterns of weight change.

Cognitive Behavior-Based Programming to Increase Physical Activity and Control Overweight/Obesity in Youth: An 18-Year Research Program Informing Novel Curricula.

IntroductionBecause only 42% of elementary school-aged children and 8% of adolescents complete the recommended amount of physical activity, programs beyond physical education are required to address this inadequacy and the associated rise in overweight/obesity. ObjectiveOur 18-year research program, conducted through the lens of accepted behavioral theory, field-based investigations, and predictive models intended to shape programs to address physical inactivity and high body mass index in youths, was reviewed. ResultsIn research-to-practice task 1, studies evaluated a cognitive-behavioral elementary afterschool treatment developed from principles of social cognitive theory.

Behavioral Weight Loss and Maintenance: A 25-Year Research Program Informing Innovative Programming.

Introduction Behavioral interventions targeting sustained weight loss have largely failed for decades, with little chance of improvement using prevailing methods. Objective To address treatment limitations, a focused 25-year research program was reviewed through the lens of social cognitive theory, probative investigations, and original predictive models. Innovative, but evidence-based, treatment suggestions were sought.

Effects of Increased Physical Activity/Exercise on Long-Term Losses in Weight and Waist Circumference: Serial Mediation from Changes in Exercise-Related to Eating-Related Self-Regulation.

Background: Behavioral obesity treatments have generally been unsuccessful at facilitating long-term weight reductions. Increased physical activity/exercise is a strong predictor of maintained weight loss. It has been proposed this is more linked to increases in exercise-related self-regulation carrying-over to eating-related self-regulation than through direct energy expenditures.

Sequential Mediation of the Relation of Increased Physical Activity and Weight Loss by Mood and Emotional Eating Changes: Community-Based Obesity Treatment Development Guided by Behavioral Theory.

Psychological/behavioral correlates of weight loss, including emotional eating, require improved understandings. These might be especially useful in the context of community-based interventions. Women with obesity, enrolled in 6-month community-based weight loss treatments emphasizing either self-regulation (n = 54) or typical educational methods (n = 52), were evaluated on changes in physical activity/exercise, mood, emotional eating, and weight.

Coaction of Exercise and Eating Improvements Within a Behavioral Obesity Treatment: Directionality and Psychological Mechanisms.

Because coaction (a favorable change in one behavior increasing the probability of a similarly favorable change in another behavior) associated with health behaviors has been identified, directionalities of such relationships within weight-loss behaviors (e.g., exercise, healthy eating) and their theory-based psychological mechanisms requires more investigation.