Penile fracture: outcomes of early surgical intervention.

Objective: To report a series of penile fractures, describing preoperative evaluation, surgical repair, and long-term outcomes.

Patients And Methods: Medical records from Northwestern Memorial Hospital and Oregon Health & Science University from 2002 to 2011 were reviewed. Clinical presentation, preoperative evaluation, time from injury, mechanism and site of injury, and presence of urethral injury were assessed.

Early tissue response to citric acid-based micro- and nanocomposites.

Composites based on calcium phosphates and biodegradable polymers are desirable for orthopedic applications because of their potential to mimic bone. Herein, we describe the fabrication, characterization, and in vivo response of novel citric acid-based microcomposites and nanocomposites. Poly(1,8-octanediol-co-citrate) (POC) was mixed with increasing amounts of hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles or microparticles (up to 60 wt %), and the morphology and mechanical properties of the resulting composites were assessed.