Eviction from public housing in the United States.

Neither academic researchers nor the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development have studied evictions from public housing in national perspective.

Estimating eviction prevalence across the United States.

SignificanceSeveral negative effects of forced displacement have been well documented, yet we lack reliable measurement of eviction risk in the national perspective. This prevents accurate estimations of the scope and geography of the problem as well as evaluations of policies to reduce housing loss. We construct a nationwide database of eviction filings in the United States.

Systematic signatures for organic reactions.

A signature for any reaction is defined by just the net change in bonding of the reacting atoms in the conversion of reactant to product structures. This reaction signature is both unique and definitive for any reaction and consists of a simple linear string of letters suitable to index every reaction in a reaction database for computer access. This allows daily entry of new reactions to be easily incorporated and later retrieved with all related reactions from the reaction database.

Do mechanisms that link addiction treatment patients to primary care influence subsequent utilization of emergency and hospital care?

Background: Patients with drug use disorders are heavy users of emergency department (ED) and inpatient hospital care. This study examines whether formal mechanisms to link addiction treatment patients to primary medical care, either directly on site or by off-site referral-when compared with an absence of said mechanisms-might reduce these patients' use of ED and hospital services after substance abuse treatment.

Methods: We used longitudinal data from 6 methadone maintenance programs with 232 patients, 24 outpatient nonmethadone programs with 1202 patients, and 14 long-term residential programs with 679 patients in the National Treatment Improvement Evaluation Study.

Criminal involvement among young male ecstasy users.

Ecstasy (MDMA) use increased rapidly in the U.S. between about 1995 and 2001.

The effect of matching comprehensive services to patients' needs on drug use improvement in addiction treatment.

Aims: To examine whether need-service matching in addiction treatment leads to improvements in drug use, and whether treatment duration mediates those improvements.

Design, Participants, Measurements: This analysis utilizes prospective data from a US cohort of addiction treatment patients who reported service needs beyond core rehabilitative services (n = 3103). 'Drug use improvement' is the difference between the patient's peak drug use frequency (in days per month) in the year before intake and in the year after treatment.

Designated case managers as facilitators of medical and psychosocial service delivery in addiction treatment programs.

This study examines whether having designated case management staff facilitates delivery of comprehensive medical and psychosocial services in substance abuse treatment programs. A multilevel, prospective cohort study of 2829 clients admitted to selected substance abuse treatment programs was used to study clients from long-term residential, outpatient, and methadone treatment modalities. Program directors reported whether the program had staff designated as case managers.

A new synthesis of lysergic acid.

[reaction: see text] (+/-)-Lysergic acid has been synthesized via an economical 8-step route from 4-bromoindole and isocinchomeronic acid without the need to protect the indole during the synthesis. Initial efforts to form the simpler 3-acylindole derivatives first and then cyclize these were unsuccessful in the cyclization step.

Effect of primary medical care on addiction and medical severity in substance abuse treatment programs.

Objective: To examine whether the availability of primary medical care on-site at addiction treatment programs or off-site by referral improves patients' addiction severity and medical outcomes, compared to programs that offer no primary care.

Design: Secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study of patients admitted to a purposive national sample of substance abuse treatment programs.

Setting: Substance abuse treatment programs in major U.