Rural Out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest Patients More Likely to Receive Bystander CPR: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objectives: Survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) remains lower in rural areas. Longer Emergency Medical Services (EMS) response times suggests that rural OHCA survival may need to rely more on early bystander intervention. This study compares the rates of bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) between rural and urban areas and examines societal factors associated with bystander CPR.

Giant Anisotropic Magnetoresistance in Few-Layer α-RuCl Tunnel Junctions.

The spin-orbit-assisted Mott insulator α-RuCl is proximate to the coveted quantum spin liquid (QSL) predicted by the Kitaev model. In the search for the pure Kitaev QSL, reducing the dimensionality of this frustrated magnet by exfoliation has been proposed as a way to enhance magnetic fluctuations and Kitaev interactions. Here, we perform angle-dependent tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) measurements on ultrathin α-RuCl crystals with various layer numbers to probe their magnetic, electronic, and crystal structures.

Imaging for Hemorrhoidal Disease: Navigating Rectal Artery Embolization from Planning to Follow-up.

Hemorrhoid disease is very common, affecting greater than one-third of adults. Conservative management and several office-based procedures are useful in the treatment of internal hemorrhoids. Patients with refractory hemorrhoid disease have traditionally been treated with surgical hemorrhoidectomy.

Real-space visualization of a defect-mediated charge density wave transition.

We study the coupled charge density wave (CDW) and insulator-to-metal transitions in the 2D quantum material 1T-TaS. By applying in situ cryogenic 4D scanning transmission electron microscopy with in situ electrical resistance measurements, we directly visualize the CDW transition and establish that the transition is mediated by basal dislocations (stacking solitons). We find that dislocations can both nucleate and pin the transition and locally alter the transition temperature by nearly ~75 K.

Real-time tracking of structural evolution in 2D MXenes using theory-enhanced machine learning.

In situ Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) combined with Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) has traditionally been pivotal for understanding how material processing choices affect local structure and composition. However, the ability to monitor and respond to ultrafast transient changes, now achievable with EELS and TEM, necessitates innovative analytical frameworks. Here, we introduce a machine learning (ML) framework tailored for the real-time assessment and characterization of in operando EELS Spectrum Images (EELS-SI).

Diameter-dependent phase selectivity in 1D-confined tungsten phosphides.

Topological materials confined in 1D can transform computing technologies, such as 1D topological semimetals for nanoscale interconnects and 1D topological superconductors for fault-tolerant quantum computing. As such, understanding crystallization of 1D-confined topological materials is critical. Here, we demonstrate 1D template-assisted nanowire synthesis where we observe diameter-dependent phase selectivity for tungsten phosphides.

Assessing relative risks of municipal wastewater disposal options for Southeast Florida.

A comparative assessment of the risks of the three current wastewater effluent disposal options and three other potential options was conducted for Southeast Florida communities. The question was how the risk to humans from the use of potable reuse compares to the other five available wastewater disposal alternatives. The need for this type of risk assessment is due to the potential to use potable reuse as a water supply and the potential resistance from the public as a result of such a proposal.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Pneumonia in Urgent Care Clinics: Opportunities for Improving Care.

Background: Community-acquired pneumonia is a well-studied condition; yet, in the urgent care setting, patient characteristics and adherence to guideline-recommended care are poorly described. Within Intermountain Health, a nonprofit integrated US health care system based in Utah, more patients present to urgent care clinics (UCCs) than emergency departments (EDs) for pneumonia care.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study 1 January 2019 through 31 December 2020 in 28 UCCs within Utah.

Sustained Increase in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Incidence Across the South West United Kingdom Over the Last 10 Years.

Background: Pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (pIBD) incidence has increased over the last 25 years. We aim to report contemporaneous trends across the South West United Kingdom.

Methods: Data were provided from centers covering the South West United Kingdom (Bristol, Oxford, Cardiff, Exeter, and Southampton), with a total area at-risk population (<18 years of age) of 2 947 534.

Getting rights right: implementing 'Martha's Rule'.

The UK government has recently committed to adopting a new policy-dubbed 'Martha's Rule'-which has been characterised as providing patients the right to rapidly access a second clinical opinion in urgent or contested cases. Support for the rule emerged following the death of Martha Mills in 2021, after doctors failed to admit her to intensive care despite concerns raised by her parents. We argue that framing this issue in terms of patient rights is not productive, and should be avoided.

In operando cryo-STEM of pulse-induced charge density wave switching in TaS.

The charge density wave material 1T-TaS exhibits a pulse-induced insulator-to-metal transition, which shows promise for next-generation electronics such as memristive memory and neuromorphic hardware. However, the rational design of TaS devices is hindered by a poor understanding of the switching mechanism, the pulse-induced phase, and the influence of material defects. Here, we operate a 2-terminal TaS device within a scanning transmission electron microscope at cryogenic temperature, and directly visualize the changing charge density wave structure with nanoscale spatial resolution and down to 300 μs temporal resolution.

Emergent layer stacking arrangements in c-axis confined MoTe.

The layer stacking order in 2D materials strongly affects functional properties and holds promise for next-generation electronic devices. In bulk, octahedral MoTe possesses two stacking arrangements, the ferroelectric Weyl semimetal T phase and the higher-order topological insulator 1T' phase. However, in thin flakes of MoTe, it is unclear if the layer stacking follows the T, 1T', or an alternative stacking sequence.

Two-Dimensional Violet Phosphorus P: A Large Band Gap Phosphorus Allotrope.

The discovery of novel large band gap two-dimensional (2D) materials with good stability and high carrier mobility will innovate the next generation of electronics and optoelectronics. A new allotrope of 2D violet phosphorus P was synthesized via a salt flux method in the presence of bismuth. Millimeter-sized crystals of violet-P were collected after removing the salt flux with DI water.

Synergizing Electron and Heat Flows in Photocatalyst for Direct Conversion of Captured CO.

We report a ternary hybrid photocatalyst architecture with tailored interfaces that boost the utilization of solar energy for photochemical CO reduction by synergizing electron and heat flows in the photocatalyst. The photocatalyst comprises cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc) molecules assembled on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) that are decorated with nearly monodispersed cadmium sulfide quantum dots (CdS QDs). The CdS QDs absorb visible light and generate electron-hole pairs.

Topological Metal MoP Nanowire for Interconnect.

The increasing resistance of copper (Cu) interconnects for decreasing dimensions is a major challenge in continued downscaling of integrated circuits beyond the 7 nm technology node as it leads to unacceptable signal delays and power consumption in computing. The resistivity of Cu increases due to electron scattering at surfaces and grain boundaries at the nanoscale. Topological semimetals, owing to their topologically protected surface states and suppressed electron backscattering, are promising candidates to potentially replace current Cu interconnects.

Efficient electrocatalytic valorization of chlorinated organic water pollutant to ethylene.

Electrochemistry can provide an efficient and sustainable way to treat environmental waters polluted by chlorinated organic compounds. However, the electrochemical valorization of 1,2-dichloroethane (DCA) is currently challenged by the lack of a catalyst that can selectively convert DCA in aqueous solutions into ethylene. Here we report a catalyst comprising cobalt phthalocyanine molecules assembled on multiwalled carbon nanotubes that can electrochemically decompose aqueous DCA with high current and energy efficiencies.

Termination-Property Coupling via Reversible Oxygen Functionalization of MXenes.

MXenes are a growing family of 2D transition-metal carbides and nitrides, which display excellent performance in myriad of applications. Theoretical calculations suggest that manipulation of the MXene surface termination (such as =O or -F) could strongly alter their functional properties; however, experimental control of the MXene surface termination is still in the developmental stage. Here, we demonstrate that annealing MXenes in an Ar + O low-power plasma results in increased =O functionalization with minimal formation of secondary phases.

Axial Higgs mode detected by quantum pathway interference in RTe.

The observation of the Higgs boson solidified the standard model of particle physics. However, explanations of anomalies (for example, dark matter) rely on further symmetry breaking, calling for an undiscovered axial Higgs mode. The Higgs mode was also seen in magnetic, superconducting and charge density wave (CDW) systems.

Mechanistic Insight and Local Structure Evolution of NiPS upon Electrochemical Lithiation.

Transition metal phosphorus trisulfide materials have received considerable research interest since the 1980-1990s as they exhibit promising energy conversion and storage properties. However, the mechanistic insights into Li-ion storage in these materials are poorly understood to date. Here, we explore the lithiation of NiPS material by employing pair-distribution function analysis, Monte Carlo molecular dynamics calculations, and a series of characterizations.

RapidEELS: machine learning for denoising and classification in rapid acquisition electron energy loss spectroscopy.

Recent advances in detectors for imaging and spectroscopy have afforded in situ, rapid acquisition of hyperspectral data. While electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) data acquisition speeds with electron counting are regularly reaching 400 frames per second with near-zero read noise, signal to noise ratio (SNR) remains a challenge owing to fundamental counting statistics. In order to advance understanding of transient materials phenomena during rapid acquisition EELS, trustworthy analysis of noisy spectra must be demonstrated.