Financial Strain and Smoking Cessation and Relapse Among U.S. Adults Who Smoke: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.

Introduction: This study examines the prospective association between financial strain and smoking cessation and smoking relapse among U.S. adults with established smoking.

Tobacco Control Policies and Sociodemographic Disparities in Cigarette Smoking Behaviors in the U.S.: A Systematic Review Protocol.

Since the 1998 Master Settlement Agreement in the U.S., many studies have examined the associations between tobacco control policies and smoking; however, there is a need to comprehensively examine the impact of these policies on sociodemographic disparities in cigarette smoking.

Longitudinal association of exclusive and dual use of cigarettes and cigars with asthma exacerbation among US adults: a cohort study.

Background: Cigar use among adults in the United States has remained relatively stable in the past decade and occupies a growing part of the tobacco marketplace as cigarette use has declined. While studies have established the detrimental respiratory health effects of cigarette use, the effects of cigar use need further characterization. In this study, we evaluate the prospective association between cigar use, with or without cigarettes, and asthma exacerbation.

Interaction Between State-Level Cigarette Prices and County-Level Tobacco 21 Coverage on Cigarette Smoking Outcomes Among US Adolescents.

Purpose: To examine whether Tobacco 21 (T21) law coverage moderated associations between cigarette prices and adolescent smoking and associated disparities.

Methods: We used nationally representative, repeated cross-sectional 2014-2020 Monitoring the Future study data (n = 20,547-96,083) to examine associations between state-level average cigarette price per pack and county-level T21 coverage (100% vs. < 100%) on past 30-day smoking participation, first and daily cigarette smoking initiation, and smoking intentions in US adolescents in eighth, 10th, and 12th grade.

The Public Health Impact of a Ban on Flavored Cigars: A Decision-Theoretic Policy Framework.

Introduction: Half of adult cigar users report flavored cigars as their usual brand. The FDA proposed prohibiting "all characterizing flavors in cigars" and "menthol… in cigarettes." We provide evidence on cigar and cigarette transitions and a framework to assess the impact of a U.

Cross-sectional patterns and longitudinal transitions of unflavored and flavored cigar use without and with cigarettes among United States adults.

Introduction: Over half of US adults who smoke cigars use flavored cigars, illustrating their broad appeal; however, their long-term impact on cigar and cigarette use is unknown.

Methods: Using restricted data from Waves 1-5 (2013-2019) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, we investigated cross-sectional patterns and longitudinal transition rates of unflavored and flavored cigar use with and without cigarettes among a nationally representative sample of US adults.

Results: Proportionally, more adults who used flavored cigars without or with cigarettes were younger and female.

Association between cigar use, with and without cigarettes, and incident diagnosed COPD: a longitudinal cohort study.

Background: While regular cigar smoking is believed to carry similar health risks as regular cigarette smoking, the impact of cigar use, alone or in combination with cigarettes, on obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has not been well characterized. The purpose of this study was to examine the prospective association between exclusive and dual cigar and cigarette use and incident self-reported diagnosed COPD.

Methods: This study used data from Waves 1-5 (2013-2019) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, a nationally representative survey of U.

A Longitudinal Analysis of Flavored Cigar Use and Cigar Smoking Cessation Among US Adults.

Background: Flavorings in cigars increase their appeal, mask the harsh taste of tobacco, and may hinder successful cigar smoking cessation; however, limited evidence has examined whether flavors are associated with short- or long-term cigar smoking cessation.

Aims And Methods: Using restricted data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study Waves 1-5, we examined whether flavored cigar use was associated with 30-day-plus and 1-year-plus cigar smoking cessation among US adults. Multivariable discrete-time survival models were fit to a nationally representative sample of US adult (18+) respondents who had a current, established cigar use, smoked five or more days in the past 30 days, and did not exclusively smoke traditional premium cigars at baseline.

Racial, ethnic, and gender differences in the association between higher state minimum wages and health and mental well-being in US adults with low educational attainment.

Background: To date, research evaluating the association between minimum wage and health has been heterogenous and varies based on the specific subpopulation or health outcomes under evaluation while associations across racial, ethnic, and gender identities have been understudied.

Methods: A triple difference-in-differences strategy using modified Poisson regression was used to evaluate the associations between minimum wage and obesity, hypertension, fair or poor general health, and moderate psychological distress in 25-64-year-old adults with a high school education/GED or less. Data from the 1999-2017 Panel Study of Income Dynamics was linked to state policies and characteristics to estimate the risk ratio (RR) associated with a $1 increase in current and 2-year lagged state minimum wages overall and by race, ethnicity, and gender (non-Hispanic or non-Latino (NH) White men, NH White women, Black, indigenous, or people of color (BIPOC) men, and BIPOC women) adjusting for individual and state-level confounding.

Associations between neighborhood built environment, residential property values, and adult BMI change: The Seattle Obesity Study III.

Objective: To examine associations between neighborhood built environment (BE) variables, residential property values, and longitudinal 1- and 2-year changes in body mass index (BMI).

Methods: The Seattle Obesity Study III was a prospective cohort study of adults with geocoded residential addresses, conducted in King, Pierce, and Yakima Counties in Washington State. Measured heights and weights were obtained at baseline (n = 879), year 1 (n = 727), and year 2 (n = 679).

Differences in Weight Gain Following Residential Relocation in the Moving to Health (M2H) Study.

Background: Neighborhoods may play an important role in shaping long-term weight trajectory and obesity risk. Studying the impact of moving to another neighborhood may be the most efficient way to determine the impact of the built environment on health. We explored whether residential moves were associated with changes in body weight.

Differential associations of the built environment on weight gain by sex and race/ethnicity but not age.

Objective: To explore the built environment (BE) and weight change relationship by age, sex, and racial/ethnic subgroups in adults.

Methods: Weight trajectories were estimated using electronic health records for 115,260 insured Kaiser Permanente Washington members age 18-64 years. Member home addresses were geocoded using ArcGIS.

Does the built environment have independent obesogenic power? Urban form and trajectories of weight gain.

Objective: To determine whether selected features of the built environment can predict weight gain in a large longitudinal cohort of adults.

Methods: Weight trajectories over a 5-year period were obtained from electronic health records for 115,260 insured patients aged 18-64 years in the Kaiser Permanente Washington health care system. Home addresses were geocoded using ArcGIS.

The Initial Nonprofit Exposure and Response to Seattle's Minimum Wage Ordinance.

Nearly 40 local governments adopted minimum wage rates higher than the federal minimum in the last decade. Research on such laws focuses on employment and price adjustments of for-profit firms. Higher minimum wage rates, however, may pose unique challenges to community-based nonprofit organizations, many of which serve vulnerable communities and have limited ability to modify business practices.

Association of State Minimum Wage Rates and Health in Working-Age Adults Using the National Health Interview Survey.

States adopt minimum wages to improve workers' economic circumstances and well-being. Many studies, but not all, find evidence of health benefits from higher minimum wages. This study used a rigorous "triple difference" strategy to identify the associations between state minimum wages and adult obesity, body mass index (weight (kg)/height (m)2), hypertension, diabetes, fair or poor health, and serious psychological distress.

Seattle's minimum wage ordinance did not affect supermarket food prices by food processing category.

Objective: To examine the impacts of Seattle's minimum wage ordinance on food prices by food processing category.

Design: Supermarket food prices were collected for 106 items using a University of Washington Center for Public Health Nutrition market basket at affected and unaffected supermarket chain stores at three times: March 2015 (1-month pre-policy enactment), May 2015 (1-month post-policy enactment) and May 2016 (1-year post-policy enactment). Food items were categorized into four food processing groups, from minimally to ultra-processed.

Declining Trends and Widening Disparities in Overweight and Obesity Prevalence Among Massachusetts Public School Districts, 2009-2014.

Objectives: We evaluated the overall and sociodemographic disparities in trends in prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity in Massachusetts public school districts between 2009 and 2014.

Methods: In 2009, Massachusetts mandated annual screening of body mass index for students in grades 1, 4, 7, and 10. This was part of the statewide Mass in Motion prevention programs.