Air Pollution and Parkinson Disease in a Population-Based Study.

Importance: The role of air pollution in risk and progression of Parkinson disease (PD) is unclear.

Objective: To assess whether air pollution is associated with increased risk of PD and clinical characteristics of PD.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This population-based case-control study included patients with PD and matched controls from the Rochester Epidemiology Project from 1998 to 2015.

Impulse control disorders and use of dopamine agonists in early onset Parkinson's disease.

Introduction: Impulse control disorders (ICDs) are defined as excessive and repetitive behaviors that may affect Parkinson's disease (PD) patients exposed to dopamine agonists. Current data on ICDs in patients with early-onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD) is lacking. In this study we aim to assess the frequency of use of dopamine agonists, the prevalence of ICDs, and to explore potential factors associated with their development in patients with EOPD.

Risk of hospitalization in synucleinopathies and impact of psychosis.

Background: Few studies have investigated the risk of hospitalization among patients with synucleinopathies (Parkinson disease, Dementia with Lewy Bodies, Parkinson disease dementia, Multiple System Atrophy) with associated psychosis and the impact of antipsychotic treatments on hospital admissions and duration of the stay.

Objective: To determine the risk of hospitalization among patients with synucleinopathies and in patients with associated psychosis. To evaluate the impact of antipsychotic treatments on hospital admission of patients with synucleinopathies and psychosis in an incident cohort study in Olmsted County, Minnesota (MN).

Sex and Gender Influence Urinary Symptoms and Management in Multiple System Atrophy.

Objective: Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is characterized by urinary dysfunction, yet the influence of sex and gender on urinary symptoms and treatment is unclear. We sought to characterize sex and gender differences in the symptomatology, evaluation, and management of urinary dysfunction in patients with MSA.

Methods: Patients with MSA evaluated at our institution were reviewed and stratified by sex.

Stiff person spectrum disorder diagnosis, misdiagnosis, and suggested diagnostic criteria.

Background: Stiff person spectrum disorder (SPSD) is heterogeneous, and accurate diagnosis can be challenging.

Methods: Patients referred for diagnosis/suspicion of SPSD at the Mayo Autoimmune Neurology Clinic from July 01, 2016, to June 30, 2021, were retrospectively identified. SPSD diagnosis was defined as clinical SPSD manifestations confirmed by an autoimmune neurologist and seropositivity for high-titer GAD65-IgG (>20.

Lifelong constipation in Parkinson's disease and other clinically defined alpha-synucleinopathies: A population-based study in Southeast Minnesota.

Introduction: Epidemiological studies show correlations between constipation and development of Parkinson's disease (PD); however, few studies have explored the association between constipation and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD), and multiple system atrophy (MSA). We sought to explore the lifelong association of constipation and PD, DLB, PDD, and MSA (α-Synucleinopathies), compared to age- and sex-matched controls.

Methods: Using the Rochester Epidemiology Project (REP), we established an incident cohort of clinically defined α-synucleinopathies.

Evaluation of the Patient With Paroxysmal Spells Mimicking Epileptic Seizures.

Background: The diagnostic issue of paroxysmal spells, including epileptic seizure (ES) mimics, is one that neurologists frequently encounter. This review provides an up-to-date overview of the most common causes of ES mimics encountered in the outpatient setting.

Review Summary: Paroxysmal spells are characterized by changes in awareness, attention, perception, or abnormal movements.

Utility of routine surface electrophysiology to screen for functional tremor prior to surgical treatment of essential tremor.

Background: Patients with functional tremor may be clinically misdiagnosed as "medication-refractory" essential tremor (ET) and referred for surgical treatment. Electrophysiology can screen for functional tremor and avoid inappropriate surgery.

Objective: To report the utility of surface electrophysiology (SEMG) to screen for functional tremor in patients referred for ET surgery.

Incidence, Prevalence, and Mortality of Psychosis Associated with Parkinson's Disease (1991-2010).

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD)-associated psychosis is a well-known non-motor complication, occurring years after diagnosis of PD. Incidence data vary across different studies highlighting a need for long-term observation and clinical definition.

Objective: To determine the incidence of psychosis in patients with PD and to investigate their survival in an incident cohort study from 1991-2010 in Olmsted County, MN.

Non-Motor Symptoms and Associated Factors in Parkinson's Disease Patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Non-motor symptoms (NMSs) of Parkinson's disease (PD) were often overlooked and less studied. Little is known about NMSs in Ethiopia. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of NMSs and associated factors.

Utility of tremor electrophysiology studies.

Objective: To determine the utility of tremor electrophysiology testing in differentiating clinically indeterminate tremor due to organic, functional, and mixed tremor types.

Background: Prior studies have shown that electrophysiological studies increase diagnostic sensitivity of tremor syndromes; however, few have examined mixed organic and functional tremors.

Methods: Patients referred for tremor to the Mayo Clinic, Rochester movement disorders lab were consecutively selected and retrospectively reviewed.

Early-Onset Parkinsonism and Early-Onset Parkinson's Disease: A Population-Based Study (2010-2015).

Background: Early-onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD), occurring between ages 40 and 55, carries social, societal, and personal consequences and may progress, with fewer comorbidities than typical, later-onset disease.

Objective: To examine the incidence and survival of EOPD and other Parkinsonism occurring before age 55 in the population-based cohort of residents in seven Minnesota counties.

Methods: A movement-disorder specialist reviewed all the medical records in a 2010-2015 Parkinsonism-incident cohort to confirm diagnosis and subtypes.

Timeline of Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder in Overt Alpha-Synucleinopathies.

Objective: The aim was to analyze the timeline, prevalence, and survival of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) in patients who developed alpha-synucleinopathies (Parkinson disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and Parkinson disease dementia) compared with age- and sex-matched controls in a population-based incident-cohort study.

Methods: We used a population-based, 1991 to 2010 incident-cohort study of alpha-synucleinopathies. A movement-disorder specialist reviewed medical records to confirm diagnoses.

Lower Vitamin B12 Level at Multiple System Atrophy Diagnosis Is Associated With Shorter Survival.

Background: Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a neurodegenerative disorder from α-synuclein aggregation. in vitro studies suggest vitamin B12 may interrupt α-synuclein-mediated neurodegeneration. The objective of this study was to determine whether serum vitamin B12 level at MSA diagnosis is associated with survival.

Levodopa-induced dyskinesia in dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson disease with dementia.

Objective: To investigate the frequency of levodopa-induced dyskinesia in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLBs) and Parkinson disease with dementia (PDD) and compare these frequencies with patients with incident Parkinson disease (PD) through a population-based cohort study.

Methods: We identified all patients with DLB, PDD, and PD without dementia in a 1991-2010 population-based parkinsonism-incident cohort, in Olmsted County, Minnesota. We abstracted information about levodopa-induced dyskinesia.

Higher vitamin B12 level at Parkinson's disease diagnosis is associated with lower risk of future dementia.

Introduction: To determine whether vitamin B12 level at Parkinson's disease (PD) diagnosis predicts time to develop dementia.

Methods: We utilized a population-based cohort of Parkinsonism patients to examine the relationship between serum vitamin B12 at the time of PD diagnosis and dementia risk. Receiver operating curves were calculated for vitamin B12 cutoffs maximizing sensitivity and specificity for determining who developed dementia.

Traumatic brain injury preceding clinically diagnosed α-synucleinopathies: A case-control study.

Objective: To determine the association between traumatic brain injury (TBI) and any clinically diagnosed α-synucleinopathy including Parkinson disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), PD dementia (PDD), and multiple system atrophy (MSA).

Methods: Using the medical records-linkage system of the Rochester Epidemiology Project, we identified incident cases of α-synucleinopathies in Olmsted County, Minnesota, from 1991 to 2010, matching by age (±1 year) at symptom onset and sex to controls. We reviewed records of cases and controls to detect TBI prior to clinical-motor onset of any α-synucleinopathies.

Identifying incident Parkinson's disease using administrative diagnostic codes: a validation study.

Background: Administrative databases that capture diagnostic codes are increasingly being used worldwide for research because they can save time and reduce costs. However, assessing validity is necessary before defining diseases using only diagnostic codes in research applications.

Objective: Our objective was to assess the validity of using diagnostic codes to identify incident Parkinson's disease (PD) cases in Olmsted County, Minnesota using an established standard for comparison (1976-2005).

Incidence and Trends of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy and Corticobasal Syndrome: A Population-Based Study.

Background: Few studies have investigated the incidence of PSP and CBS in the population.

Objective: To examine the incidence of and trends in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal syndrome (CBS) in a population-based cohort of residents of Olmsted County, MN.

Methods: We used the 1991-2005 population-based, Olmsted County Parkinsonism-cohort study, defined via the Rochester Epidemiology Project.

Prevalence of sleep disorders in Parkinson's disease patients in two neurology referral hospitals in Ethiopia.

Background: Non motor symptoms (NMS) of Parkinson's disease (PD) are common and can be more disabling than motor symptoms. Sleep disorders can be seen in up to 98% of patients with Parkinson disease. Poor sleep quality has been associated with poverty and race, and yet there has been no prior report on sleep disorders in those with PD living in sub Saharan Africa.

Survival and Progression in Synucleinopathy Phenotypes With Parkinsonism: A Population-Based Study.

Objective: To compare survival by the presenting parkinsonism symptoms at diagnosis among patients with incident clinically diagnosed synucleinopathies.

Patients And Methods: Using the Rochester Epidemiology Project medical records-linkage system, we identified all persons residing in Olmsted County, Minnesota, who received a diagnostic code of parkinsonism from January 1, 1991, through December 31, 2010. A movement disorder specialist reviewed the complete medical records of each individual to confirm the presence of parkinsonism, determine the type of synucleinopathy, and identify the onset dates of each cardinal symptom (tremor at rest, bradykinesia, rigidity, and impaired postural reflexes).

Earlier age of onset in multiple system atrophy with smoking and heavy alcohol use.

Objective: To determine whether smoking or alcohol use impacts the age of onset and disease duration in multiple system atrophy (MSA).

Methods: All patients diagnosed with MSA at Mayo Clinic, Rochester between 1998 and 2012 completed standardized questionnaires surveying smoking and alcohol use at the time of presentation.

Results: Of 551 patients with smoking and alcohol use data, 281 were past or present smokers with age of onset of 60.