Rational design and synthesis of atomically precise nanocluster-based nanocomposites: a step towards environmental catalysis.

Atomically precise metal nanoclusters (NCs) and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) possess distinct properties that can present challenges in certain applications. However, integrating these materials to create new composite functional materials has gained significant interest due to their unique characteristics through a range of applications, particularly in catalysis. Considering MOFs as hosts and NCs as guests, several synergistic effects have been observed in composites, particularly in environmental catalytic reactions.

Structural changes of muscle spindles in the multifidus muscle after intervertebral disk injury are resolved by targeted muscle activation.

Purpose: Fibrosis of muscle spindles (sensory organs) in back muscles induced by intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration could limit transmission of muscle stretch to the sensory receptor and explain the proprioceptive deficits common in back pain. Exercise reduces back muscles fibrosis. This study investigated whether targeted muscle activation via neurostimulation reverses or resolves muscle spindle fibrosis in a model of IVD injury.

Assessing the Effects of Surgical Irrigation Solutions on Human Neutrophil Interactions with Nascent Biofilms.

() is the leading cause of surgical site infections (SSIs) and is capable of biofilm growth on implanted foreign devices. The use of surgical irrigation solutions has become a common strategy to combat bacterial contamination events that occur during surgery. Despite their antimicrobial activity, SSI rates remain consistent, suggesting that low-level contamination persists.

Association of biofilm and microbial metrics with healing rate in older adults with chronic venous leg ulcers.

The presence of microbial biofilms in many human chronic wounds led to the hypothesis that biofilms delay healing of these wounds. We tested this hypothesis in a population of 117 older individuals with venous leg ulcers who were receiving standardised therapy, including frequent debridement. Debridement specimens were analysed for the amount of bacterial biomass by two independent methods: a microscopic approach that scored the relative size and number of bacterial aggregates, interpreted as a biofilm metric, and conventional enumeration by agar plating for viable bacteria.

Hyperkalemia Incidence in Patients With Non-Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease: A Large Retrospective Cohort Study From United States Clinical Care.

Rationale & Objective: Estimates of the incidence of hyperkalemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) vary widely. Our objective was to estimate hyperkalemia incidence in patients with CKD from routine clinical care, including by level of kidney damage or function and among important patient subgroups.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Antihyperglycemic treatment patterns for chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes.

Objective: Patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are at high risk for developing chronic kidney disease (CKD). The onset of incident CKD may complicate glycemic control among these patients. This study aimed to characterize antihyperglycemic medication use after incident CKD onset among patients with T2D to inform disease management.

Analysis of Intact Peroxidized Phospholipids from Bovine Retina via LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS Using Autoxidized Retina Reference Standards.

Highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) are vulnerable to oxygen attack, thus making HUFA-rich, high metabolic rate/reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generating neurological tissue particularly susceptible to increased oxidative stress. Lipid oxidation is a putative early stage marker of neurodegenerative diseases, suggesting that reliable monitoring of oxidized neural lipids reveals early pathogenesis. Here, we present a novel methodology to detect and quantify intact ROS-driven peroxidized phospholipids (LPOx-PLs) in bovine retina extract.

Optic Nerve Head Morphological Variation in Craniosynostosis: A Cohort Study.

Objective: To evaluate optic nerve head (ONH) morphology in children with craniosynostosis versus healthy controls.

Design: Single-center, prospective cohort study.

Methods: Handheld optical coherence tomography (OCT) was performed in 110 eyes of 58 children (aged 0-13 years) with craniosynostosis.

Complications of vasectomy: results from a prospective audit of 105 393 procedures.

Objectives: To provide up-to-date complication rates for vasectomy in the UK using 15 years of data collected by the Association of Surgeons in Primary Care (ASPC).

Patients And Methods: Data were collected between 2007 and March 2022. A patient questionnaire was completed on the day of surgery and at 4 months postoperatively.

Prevalence of multidrug-resistant isolates and virulence gene expression in poultry farms in Jos, Nigeria.

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance is increasingly becoming a global health concern. This study aimed to investigate and report MDR prevalence, resistance, and virulence genes from poultry in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria.

Methods: The samples were analyzed using microbiological standard methods and polymerase chain reactions (PCRs).

Modelling and comparing the use of IVF and ICSI in Australia.

Purpose: This study estimates the need of IVF/ICSI in Australia as compared to its actual uptake.

Methods: We created a model estimating for the annual demand for IVF/ICSI in a hypothetical infertile population, using demographic data from medical literature and Australian government databases. For each category of infertility (tubal, severe male, endometriosis, anovulation and unexplained), our estimated need for IVF/ICSI was compared to the actual IVF/ICSI uptake (ANZARD 2019).

A phase II study (AARDVARC) of AZD4635 in combination with durvalumab and cabazitaxel in patients with progressive, metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Background: This phase II nonrandomized study evaluated the efficacy and safety of AZD4635 in combination with durvalumab (Arm A) or durvalumab plus cabazitaxel (Arm B) in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) previously treated with docetaxel and ≥1 novel hormonal agent.

Patients And Methods: The primary endpoint was radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS) per RECIST v1.1 (soft tissue) or the Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Working Group 3 (bone).

A computational modelling tool for prediction of head reshaping following endoscopic strip craniectomy and helmet therapy for the treatment of scaphocephaly.

Background: Endoscopic strip craniectomy followed by helmet therapy (ESCH) is a minimally invasive approach for correcting sagittal craniosynostosis. The treatment involves a patient-specific helmet designed to facilitate lateral growth while constraining sagittal expansion. In this study, finite element modelling was used to predict post-treatment head reshaping, improving our comprehension of the necessary helmet therapy duration.

Perivascular adipose tissue remodeling impairs vasoreactivity in thermoneutral-housed rats.

Objective: Vascular pathology, characterized by impaired vasoreactivity and mitochondrial respiration, differs between the sexes. Housing rats under thermoneutral (TN) conditions causes vascular dysfunction and perturbed metabolism. We hypothesized that perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT), a vasoregulatory adipose depot with brown adipose tissue (BAT) phenotype, remodels to a white adipose (WAT) phenotype in rats housed at TN, driving diminished vasoreactivity in a sex-dependent manner.

Natural history and clinical manifestation of Pediatric Brain Arteriovenous Malformations.

Brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) are aberrant arteriovenous shunts through a vascular nidus with no intervening capillary beds. They are one of the commonest causes of spontaneous intracranial haemorrhage in children and may be associated with significant morbidity and mortality in cases of rupture. Treatment strategies include microsurgical resection, endovascular embolisation, stereotactic radiosurgery, multimodality treatment with a combination thereof, and particularly in high-grade bAVMs, conservative management.

Implementation of 3D modelling to improve understanding and conceptualisation of arteriovenous malformation (AVM) morphology for the execution of safe microsurgical excision of complex paediatric AVMs.

Introduction: Brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) present complex challenges in neurosurgery, requiring precise pre-surgical planning. In this context, 3D printing technology has emerged as a promising tool to aid in understanding bAVM morphology and enhance surgical outcomes, particularly in pediatric patients. This study aims to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of using 3D AVM models in pediatric bAVM surgery.

Policy Approaches for Increasing Adolescent HPV Vaccination Coverage: A Systematic Review.

Context: US jurisdictions have enacted a wide range of policies to address low human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination coverage among adolescents, but it is unclear which policies are effective.

Objective: To systematically review the impact of governmental policies on adolescent HPV vaccination coverage.

Data Sources: PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases.

Targeted multifidus muscle activation reduces fibrosis of multifidus muscle following intervertebral disc injury.

Purpose: Aerobic exercise produces beneficial outcomes in patients with low back pain and partially attenuates the fibrotic changes to the multifidus in a model of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. More targeted exercise might be required to fully attenuate these fibrotic alterations. This study aimed to investigate whether activation of the multifidus induced by neurostimulation could reduce fibrosis of the multifidus in a model of IVD degeneration in sheep.