Multidrug resistance (MDR) surveillance consists of reporting MDR prevalence and MDR phenotypes. Detailed knowledge of the specific associations underlying MDR patterns can allow antimicrobial stewardship programs to accurately identify clinically relevant resistance patterns. We applied machine learning and graphical networks to quantify and visualize associations between resistance traits in a set of 1,091 isolates collected from one New York hospital between 2008 and 2018.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Comput Graph Stat
February 2020
A new empirical Bayes approach to variable selection in the context of generalized linear models is developed. The proposed algorithm scales to situations in which the number of putative explanatory variables is very large, possibly much larger than the number of responses. The coefficients in the linear predictor are modeled as a three-component mixture allowing the explanatory variables to have a random positive effect on the response, a random negative effect, or no effect.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUsing multiple antimicrobials in food animals may incubate genetically-linked multidrug-resistance (MDR) in enteric bacteria, which can contaminate meat at slaughter. The U.S.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHost genetic variation influences microbiome composition. While studies have focused on associations between the gut microbiome and specific alleles, gene copy number (CN) also varies. We relate microbiome diversity to CN variation of the AMY1 locus, which encodes salivary amylase, facilitating starch digestion.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMultidrug resistance is a serious problem raising the specter of infections for which there is no treatment. One of the most important tools in combating multidrug resistance is large scale monitoring programs, because they track resistance over large geographic areas and time scales. This large scope, however, can also introduce variability into the data.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe growth of antimicrobial resistance presents a significant threat to human and animal health. Of particular concern is multi-drug resistance, as this increases the chances an infection will be untreatable by any antibiotic. In order to understand multi-drug resistance, it is essential to understand the association between drug resistances.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWith the surge of interest in metabolism and the appreciation of its diverse roles in numerous biomedical contexts, the number of metabolomics studies using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) approaches has increased dramatically in recent years. However, variation that occurs independently of biological signal and noise (i.e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSurveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an important component of public health. Antimicrobial drug use generates selective pressure that may lead to resistance against to the administered drug, and may also select for collateral resistances to other drugs. Analysis of AMR surveillance data has focused on resistance to individual drugs but joint distributions of resistance in bacterial populations are infrequently analyzed and reported.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAntimicrob Agents Chemother
September 2016
In response to concerning increases in antimicrobial resistance (AMR), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has decided to increase veterinary oversight requirements for antimicrobials and restrict their use in growth promotion. Given the high stakes of this policy for the food supply, economy, and human and veterinary health, it is important to rigorously assess the effects of this policy. We have undertaken a detailed analysis of data provided by the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe present an approach for identifying genes under natural selection using polymorphism and divergence data from synonymous and non-synonymous sites within genes. A generalized linear mixed model is used to model the genome-wide variability among categories of mutations and estimate its functional consequence. We demonstrate how the model's estimated fixed and random effects can be used to identify genes under selection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStat Appl Genet Mol Biol
January 2012
Testing for unequal variances is usually performed in order to check the validity of the assumptions that underlie standard tests for differences between means (the t-test and anova). However, existing methods for testing for unequal variances (Levene's test and Bartlett's test) are notoriously non-robust to normality assumptions, especially for small sample sizes. Moreover, although these methods were designed to deal with one hypothesis at a time, modern applications (such as to microarrays and fMRI experiments) often involve parallel testing over a large number of levels (genes or voxels).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRecent developments in mass-spectrometry-based shotgun proteomics, especially methods using spectral counting, have enabled large-scale identification and differential profiling of complex proteomes. Most such proteomic studies are interested in identifying proteins, the abundance of which is different under various conditions. Several quantitative methods have recently been proposed and implemented for this purpose.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To measure the effect of free access to the scientific literature on article downloads and citations.
Design: Randomised controlled trial.
Setting: 11 journals published by the American Physiological Society.
Motivation: The program MBBC 2.0 clusters time-course microarray data using a Bayesian product partition model.
Results: The Bayesian product partition model in Booth et al.
Background: Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) have been successfully used for various genetic and evolutionary studies in eukaryotic systems. The eukaryotic model organism Neurospora crassa is an excellent system to study evolution and biological function of SSRs.
Results: We identified and characterized 2749 SSRs of 963 SSR types in the genome of N.