Kidney Volume and Risk of Incident Kidney Outcomes.

Background: Low total kidney volume (TKV) is a risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, evaluations of nonlinear relationships, incident events, causal inference, and prognostic utility beyond traditional biomarkers are lacking.

Methods: TKV, height-adjusted TKV, and body surface area-adjusted TKV (BSA-TKV) of 34,595 White British ancestry participants were derived from the UK Biobank.

Vaspin: A Novel Biomarker Linking Gluteofemoral Body Fat and Type 2 Diabetes Risk.

Objective: To determine whether adiposity depots modulate vaspin levels and whether vaspin predicts type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk, through epidemiological and genetic analyses.

Research Design And Methods: We assessed the relationship of plasma vaspin concentration with incident and prevalent T2D and adiposity-related variables in 1) the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE) biomarker substudy (N = 10,052) and 2) the Outcome Reduction with Initial Glargine Intervention (ORIGIN) trial (N = 7,840), using regression models. We then assessed whether vaspin is causally associated with T2D and whether genetic variants associated with MRI-measured adiposity depots modulate vaspin levels, using two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR).