Processed science.

Although promoted as a sociological history of then-recent systematics, David L. Hull's () Science as a Process was, in fact, heavily fictionalized, particularly in its treatment of debates between pheneticists and cladists. Hull routinely suppressed or modified information unfavourable to pheneticists, so presenting a misleading portrayal of social interactions and even of the scientific content of published discussions.

Elite Distance Runners: A 45-Year Follow-up.

Purpose: The present longitudinal study assessed cardiorespiratory capacity and running economy of Olympic athletes over several decades to measure changes in fitness in an elite group during aging.

Methods: Twenty-six male runners training for the 1968 Olympics were recruited. HR, V˙O2max, ventilation, and running economy were measured in 1968, 1993, and 2013.

Survey of methods used to determine if a patient has a deep vein thrombosis: An exploratory research report.

Background: The use of evidence-based practice (EBP) is encouraged in the physical therapy profession, but integrating evidence into practice can be difficult for clinicians because of lack of time and other constraints.

Objective: To survey physical therapy clinical instructors and determine the methods they use for screening for deep vein thrombosis (DVT), a type of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in the lower extremities.

Design: Exploratory survey.

Homology and misdirection.

Hennig (1966) recognized symplesiomorphies as homologies, and that view is logically correct under the concept of homology (homogeny) prevalent among evolutionists since 1870. Nelson and Platnick (1981) instead wanted homology to exclude symplesiomorphies for reasons that they never made clear but which certainly included opposition to Hennig. They and some of their followers, most recently Platnick (2013) and Brower and de Pinna (2013), have continued to advocate that anti-Hennigian position, often under the slogan "homology equals synapomorphy," while ironically passing themselves off as cladists and often using ambiguous or falsified citations to pretend that legitimate phylogeneticists think likewise.

Recognition of signs and symptoms of a Type 1 chondrosarcoma: a case report.

Background: Hip pain in the absence of trauma is difficult to diagnose due to the number of structures that refer pain to the hip and thigh. When identifying the origin of pain, the ability to increase or decrease the patient's pain level with rest, posture or movement is important to determine a clinical pattern. If that pattern does not make sense, other causes of the onset of pain need to be considered.

A 12-week Interdisciplinary Intervention Program for Children who are Obese.

Unlabelled: Childhood obesity is a growing problem, for which multi-disciplinary interventions are needed.

Purpose: This interdisciplinary intervention program was designed to improve the health of children who were obese.

Methods: Twenty-five children, mean age 8.

Phylogenetic analysis of 73 060 taxa corroborates major eukaryotic groups.

Obtaining a well supported schema of phylogenetic relationships among the major groups of living organisms requires considering as much taxonomic diversity as possible, but the computational cost of calculating large phylogenies has so far been a major obstacle. We show here that the parsimony algorithms implemented in TNT can successfully process the largest phylogenetic data set ever analysed, consisting of molecular sequences and morphology for 73 060 eukaryotic taxa. The trees resulting from molecules alone display a high degree of congruence with the major taxonomic groups, with a small proportion of misplaced species; the combined data set retrieves these groups with even higher congruence.

Is REP a measure of "objective support"?

Grant and Kluge have recently stated that Bremer support and their own REP ("relative explanatory power"), are the only objective measures of group support. This paper discusses their claim, showing that their philosophical arguments have no basis, and that their own numerical examples actually serve to illustrate shortcomings of REP.

Evaluation of plasma catecholamine and serum cortisol concentrations in horses with colic.

Objective: To evaluate plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations and serum cortisol concentration in horses with colic and assess the relationship of these variables with clinical signs, routinely measured clinicopathologic variables, and outcome in affected horses.

Design: Prospective observational study.

Animals: 35 horses with colic.

When insurance is not enough: racial and ethnic disparities in immunizations for the Medicare population.

This review article discusses disparities in immunization rates for beneficiaries of the US Medicare program. The review considers: 1) historical and statistical information on rates of immunization; 2) goals set forward by the Centers for Medicaid and Medicare Services (CMS) to eliminate racial and ethnic health disparities related to adult immunization; 3) barriers experienced by Medicare beneficiaries in receiving immunizations; 4) barriers experienced by health professionals in providing adult immunizations; and 5) CMS efforts to increase influenza and pneumococcal immunization rates and to eliminate immunization rate disparities among Medicare beneficiaries.

The phylogenetic position of the comb jellies (Ctenophora) and the importance of taxonomic sampling.

The transition to a vermiform body shape is one of the most important events in animal evolution, having led to the impressive radiation of Bilateria. However, the sister group of Bilateria has remained obscure. Cladistic analyses of morphology indicate that Ctenophora is the sister group of Bilateria.

Phylogeny and diversification of B-function MADS-box genes in angiosperms: evolutionary and functional implications of a 260-million-year-old duplication.

B-function MADS-box genes play crucial roles in floral development in model angiosperms. We reconstructed the structural and functional implications of B-function gene phylogeny in the earliest extant flowering plants based on analyses that include 25 new AP3 and PI sequences representing critical lineages of the basalmost angiosperms: Amborella, Nuphar (Nymphaeaceae), and Illicium (Austrobaileyales). The ancestral size of exon 5 in PI-homologues is 42 bp, typical of exon 5 in other plant MADS-box genes.

Genome-scale data, angiosperm relationships, and "ending incongruence": a cautionary tale in phylogenetics.

As systematists grapple with assembling the Tree of Life, recent studies have encouraged a genomic-scale approach, obtaining DNA sequence data for entire nuclear, plastid or mitochondrial genomes for a few exemplar taxa. Some have proclaimed that this comparative genomic strategy heralds the end of incongruence in phylogeny reconstruction. Although we applaud the use of many genes to resolve phylogenetic patterns, there is a significant caveat.