Utility of bedside leucocyte esterase testing to rule out septic arthritis.

Introduction: Suspected septic arthritis is a common presentation to EDs. The underlying diagnosis is often non-infective pathology. Differentiating between aetiologies is difficult.

The value of 'binder-off' imaging to identify occult and unexpected pelvic ring injuries.

Aims: To determine the effectiveness of 'binder-off' plain pelvic radiographs in the assessment of pelvic ring injuries.

Patients And Methods: All patients requiring operative intervention at our tertiary referral pelvic unit/major trauma centre for high-energy pelvic injuries between April 2012 and December 2014 were retrospectively identified. Pre-operative pelvic imaging with and without pelvic binder was reviewed with respect to fracture pattern and pelvic stability.

Co-occurrence and clustering of health conditions at age 11: cross-sectional findings from the Millennium Cohort Study.

Objectives: To identify patterns of co-occurrence and clustering of 6 common adverse health conditions in 11-year-old children and explore differences by sociodemographic factors.

Design: Nationally representative prospective cohort study.

Setting: Children born in the UK between 2000 and 2002.

After the RCT: who comes to a family-based intervention for childhood overweight or obesity when it is implemented at scale in the community?

Background: When implemented at scale, the impact on health and health inequalities of public health interventions depends on who receives them in addition to intervention effectiveness.

Methods: The MEND 7-13 (Mind, Exercise, Nutrition…Do it!) programme is a family-based weight management intervention for childhood overweight and obesity implemented at scale in the community. We compare the characteristics of children referred to the MEND programme (N=18 289 referred to 1940 programmes) with those of the population eligible for the intervention, and assess what predicts completion of the intervention.

Subacromial, supracoracoid dislocation of the acromioclavicular joint with ipsilateral clavicle fracture: a case report with review of the literature and classification.

A type VI acromioclavicular joint injury with a supracoracoid location of the distal end of the clavicle (VIa) may be associated with low energy injuries and, in association with a clavicle fracture, can successfully be treated with reduction of the dislocation, fixation of the clavicle, and may not require reconstruction of the acromioclavicular ligaments. An infracoracoid location (VIb) is highly suggestive of a higher energy injury.

Neighbourhood deprivation and adolescent self-esteem: exploration of the 'socio-economic equalisation in youth' hypothesis in Britain and Canada.

Material deprivation is an important determinant of health inequalities in adults but there remains debate about the extent of its importance for adolescent wellbeing. Research has found limited evidence for an association between adolescent health and socio-economic status, leading authors to suggest that there is an 'equalisation' of health across socio-economic groups during the adolescent stage of the life-course. This paper explores this 'equalisation' hypothesis for adolescent psychological wellbeing from a geographical perspective by investigating associations between neighbourhood deprivation and self-esteem in Britain and Canada.

Unravelling the extent of inequalities in health across urban and rural areas: evidence from a national sample in England.

Studies of inequalities in health between rural and urban settings have produced mixed and sometimes conflicting results, depending on the national setting of the study, the level of geographic detail used to define rural areas and the health indicators studied. By focusing on morbidity data from a national sample of individuals, this study aims to examine the extent of inequalities in health between urban and rural areas, as well as inequalities in health across rural areas of England. Multilevel analyses for poor self-rated health, overweight and obesity, and common mental disorders are reported for a sample of 30,776 individuals aged 18 years and older (obtained from the Health Survey for England years 2000-2003 combined) and distributed across 3645 small areas classed in four categories: two groups of urban areas (Greater London area or 'other cities') and two types of rural settings (semi-rural areas or villages).

Area social fragmentation, social support for individuals and psychosocial health in young adults: evidence from a national survey in England.

This paper uses national survey data for young adults in England to explore empirically the relationships between social fragmentation in communities (measured for geographical areas), social support experienced by individuals from their immediate social circle, and psychosocial health of young adults. After reviewing previous research about these associations, we adopted an empirical approach to these questions, which was innovative in using data on area social fragmentation from a different source to the survey data on individuals. Also, we have examined the relevance for mental health of interactions between individual social support and area social fragmentation, as well as their independent associations with health.

Psychological distress among adolescents, and its relationship to individual, family and area characteristics in East London.

This paper identifies factors associated with variation in psychosocial distress among adolescents in a relatively deprived and ethnically diverse inner city setting in London, UK. The research draws on literature which discusses whether neighbourhood socio-economic conditions are associated with mental health, as well as attributes of individual adolescents and their families. We report an analysis of data from the Research with East London Adolescents: Community Health Survey (RELACHS).

The ecological relationship between deprivation, social isolation and rates of hospital admission for acute psychiatric care: a comparison of London and New York City.

We report on comparative analyses of small area variation in rates of acute hospital admissions for psychiatric conditions in Greater London around the year 1998 and in New York City (NYC) in 2000. Based on a theoretical model of the factors likely to influence psychiatric admission rates, and using data from the most recent population censuses and other sources, we examine the association with area indicators designed to measure access to hospital beds, socio-economic deprivation, social fragmentation and ethnic/racial composition. We report results on admissions for men and women aged 15-64 for all psychiatric conditions (excluding self-harm), drug-related substance abuse/addiction, schizophrenia and affective disorders.