White matter fibre density in the brain's inhibitory control network is associated with falling in low activity older adults.

Recent research has indicated that the relationship between age-related cognitive decline and falling may be mediated by the individual's capacity to quickly cancel or inhibit a motor response. This longitudinal investigation demonstrates that higher white matter fibre density in the motor inhibition network paired with low physical activity was associated with falling in elderly participants. We measured the density of white matter fibre tracts connecting key nodes in the inhibitory control network in a large sample (n = 414) of older adults.

Whole-Body MRI Screening for Carriers of Germline TP53 Mutations-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Purpose: This systematic review evaluated whole-body MRI (WB-MRI) as a cancer screening tool for individuals carrying germline TP53 mutations, a population known to be at a significantly elevated risk of malignancy. The primary objective is to assess the diagnostic performance of WB-MRI in detecting cancer in this cohort.

Methods: PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials were searched until 18 August 2023.

Slower speed of blood pressure recovery after standing is associated with accelerated brain aging: Evidence from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA).

Background: Impaired recovery of blood pressure (BP) in response to standing up is a prevalent condition in older individuals. We evaluated the relationship between the early recovery of hemodynamic responses to standing and brain health in adults over 50.

Methods: Participants from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA) (n=411; age 67.

Current applications and future potential of ChatGPT in radiology: A systematic review.

This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the current utilization and future potential of ChatGPT, an AI-based chat model, in the field of radiology. The primary focus is on its role in enhancing decision-making processes, optimizing workflow efficiency, and fostering interdisciplinary collaboration and teaching within healthcare. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases.

Radiomics; Contemporary Applications in the Management of Anal Cancer; A Systematic Review.

Introduction: The management of anal cancer relies on clinical and histopathological features for treatment decisions. In recent years, the field of radiomics, which involves the extraction and analysis of quantitative imaging features, has shown promise in improving management of pelvic cancers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the current application of radiomics in the management of anal cancer.

Tooth loss and regional grey matter volume.

Objectives: To investigate whether tooth loss was associated with regional grey matter volume (GMV) in a group of community dwelling older men and women from Ireland.

Methods: A group of 380 dementia-free men and women underwent a dental examination and had a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scan as part of The Irish Longitudinal Study of Aging (TILDA). Cortical parcellation was conducted using Freesurfer utilities to produce volumetric measures of gyral based regions of interest.

Cardiac Magnetic Resonance at 3.0 T in Patients With C282Y Homozygous Hereditary Hemochromatosis: Superiority of Radial and Circumferential Strain Over Cardiac T2* Measurements at Baseline and at Post Venesection Follow-up.

Background: Iron-overload cardiomyopathy initially manifests with diastolic dysfunction and can progress to dilated cardiomyopathy if untreated. Previous studies have shown that patients with primary and secondary hemochromatosis can have subclinical left ventricle dysfunction with abnormalities on strain imaging. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between cardiac T2* values and myocardial-wall strain in patients with hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) at the time of diagnosis and after a course of venesection treatment.

Sleep duration, sleep problems, and perceived stress are associated with hippocampal subfield volumes in later life: findings from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing.

Study Objectives: This study examines the cross-sectional and 2-year follow-up relationships between sleep and stress and total hippocampal volume and hippocampal subfield volumes among older adults.

Methods: Four hundred seventeen adults (aged 68.8 ± 7.

Obesity is associated with reduced cerebral blood flow - modified by physical activity.

This study examined the associations of body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist circumference (WC), and physical activity (PA) with gray matter cerebral blood flow (CBF) in older adults. Cross-sectional data was used from the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (n = 495, age 69.0 ±7.

Gray matter volume in the right angular gyrus is associated with differential patterns of multisensory integration with aging.

Multisensory perception might provide an important marker of brain function in aging. However, the cortical structures supporting multisensory perception in aging are poorly understood. In this study, we compared regional gray matter volume in a group of middle-aged (n = 101; 49-64 years) and older (n = 116; 71-87 years) adults from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Aging using voxel-based morphometry.

Age-related normative changes in cerebral perfusion: Data from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA).

Objective: To establish normative reference values for total grey matter cerebral blood flow (CBF) measured using pseudo-continuous arterial spin labelling (pCASL) MRI in a large cohort of community-dwelling adults aged 54 years and older.

Background: Quantitative assessment of CBF may provide an imaging biomarker for the early detection of those at risk of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and dementia. However, the use of this method to differentiate normal age-related decline in CBF from pathological reduction has been hampered by the lack of reference values for cerebral perfusion.

Optimisation of the transmit beam parameters for generation of subharmonic signals in native and altered populations of a commercial microbubble contrast agent SonoVue®.

The aim of this work was to establish the optimum acoustic characterisation approach and insonation transmit beam parameters for subharmonic signal generation with 'native' and 'altered' populations of a commonly-used microbubble contrast agent. Dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) ultrasound is a non-invasive method of imaging the microvasculature, typically implemented using harmonic imaging. Subharmonic imaging, in which echoes at half the fundamental frequency are detected, detects signals which are generated by the ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) but not by tissue.

Dynamic Blood-Brain Barrier Regulation in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

Whereas the diagnosis of moderate and severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is readily visible on current medical imaging paradigms (magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] and computed tomography [CT] scanning), a far greater challenge is associated with the diagnosis and subsequent management of mild TBI (mTBI), especially concussion which, by definition, is characterized by a normal CT. To investigate whether the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is altered in a high-risk population for concussions, we studied professional mixed martial arts (MMA) fighters and adolescent rugby players. Additionally, we performed the linear regression between the BBB disruption defined by increased gadolinium contrast extravasation on dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) on MRI and multiple biomechanical parameters indicating the severity of impacts recorded using instrumented mouthguards in professional MMA fighters.

DCE-MRI protocol for constraining absolute pharmacokinetic modeling errors within specific accuracy limits.

Purpose: To quantify the effects of DCE acquisition and pharmacokinetic modeling processing methodologies on the absolute accuracy and precision of derived pharmacokinetic (PK) parameter values using a novel anthropomorphic phantom test device in which "ground truth" values were known a priori.

Methods: Ground truth arterial input function (AIF), tumor, and healthy tissue contrast agent concentration-time curves (CTCs) were established within the phantom and repeatedly measured on a 3T MRI scanner with varying temporal resolution (T  = 1.22-30.

Computerised working memory-based cognitive remediation therapy does not affect Reading the Mind in The Eyes test performance or neural activity during a Facial Emotion Recognition test in psychosis.

Working memory-based cognitive remediation therapy (CT) for psychosis has recently been associated with broad improvements in performance on untrained tasks measuring working memory, episodic memory and IQ, and changes in associated brain regions. However, it is unclear whether these improvements transfer to the domain of social cognition and neural activity related to performance on social cognitive tasks. We examined performance on the Reading the Mind in the Eyes test (Eyes test) in a large sample of participants with psychosis who underwent working memory-based CT (N = 43) compared to a control group of participants with psychosis (N = 35).

A novel anthropomorphic flow phantom for the quantitative evaluation of prostate DCE-MRI acquisition techniques.

A novel anthropomorphic flow phantom device has been developed, which can be used for quantitatively assessing the ability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners to accurately measure signal/concentration time-intensity curves (CTCs) associated with dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI. Modelling of the complex pharmacokinetics of contrast agents as they perfuse through the tumour capillary network has shown great promise for cancer diagnosis and therapy monitoring. However, clinical adoption has been hindered by methodological problems, resulting in a lack of consensus regarding the most appropriate acquisition and modelling methodology to use and a consequent wide discrepancy in published data.

Abnormal orthostatic blood pressure control among subjects with lacunar infarction.

Introduction: Hypertension is a recognised risk factor for lacunar stroke. However, their association has been evaluated using static blood pressure (BP) assessment in supine or sitting position alone. We hypothesised that impaired dynamic (orthostatic) BP control may associate with lacunar strokes.

Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction as a Hallmark Pathology in Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy.

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative condition associated with repetitive mild traumatic brain injury. In recent years, attention has focused on emerging evidence linking the development of CTE to concussive injuries in athletes and military personnel; however, the underlying molecular pathobiology of CTE remains unclear. Here, we provide evidence that the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is disrupted in regions of dense perivascular p-Tau accumulation in a case of CTE.

Signal Propagation in the Human Visual Pathways: An Effective Connectivity Analysis.

Although the visual system has been extensively investigated, an integrated account of the spatiotemporal dynamics of long-range signal propagation along the human visual pathways is not completely known or validated. In this work, we used dynamic causal modeling approach to provide insights into the underlying neural circuit dynamics of pattern reversal visual-evoked potentials extracted from concurrent EEG-fMRI data. A recurrent forward-backward connectivity model, consisting of multiple interacting brain regions identified by EEG source localization aided by fMRI spatial priors, best accounted for the data dynamics.

Whole Body MRI in the Staging of Esophageal Cancer--A Prospective Comparison with Whole Body 18F-FDG PET-CT.

Background: Positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET-CT) is established in the staging of esophageal cancer. In this study, an MRI protocol was designed to emulate the anatomical (T1-weighed (T1W) and T2W imaging) and functional information (diffusion-weighted imaging) provided by PET-CT.

Methods: In all, 49 patients with carcinoma of the esophagus underwent PET-CT and whole-body MRI (WBMRI).

White matter alterations in patients with MRI-negative temporal lobe epilepsy and their asymptomatic siblings.

Objective: The identification of "endophenotypes"-measurable variations along the pathways between genes and distal disease state-may help deconstruct focal epilepsies into more sensitive phenomena and improve future efforts to map the genetic underpinnings of the disorder. In this study, we set out to determine if diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-inferred white matter (WM) alterations represent a suitable structural endophenotype for focal epilepsy.

Methods: We recruited 25 patients with sporadic mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) with normal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, 25 of their gender-matched, asymptomatic siblings, and 60 control subjects.