Publications by authors named "James F Happel"

Background: Excessive blood may compromise gynecologic Papanicolaou (Pap) smears. Liquid-based cytologic techniques have been developed in part to address this problem. In the current study, conditions of excessive blood were simulated to compare the ability of two liquid-based systems, ThinPrep and SurePath, to satisfactorily process specimens in the presence of this potentially limiting factor.

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