Race moderates the effects of Motivational Interviewing on smoking cessation induction.

Objective: Health disparities necessitate exploration of how race moderates response to smoking cessation treatment. Data from a randomized clinical trial of Motivational Interviewing (MI) for smoking cessation induction were used to explore differential treatment response between African American (AA) vs Non-Black (NB) smokers.

Methods: Adult tobacco smokers (138 AA vs 66 NB) with low desire to quit were randomly assigned to four sessions of MI or health education (HE).

Motivational interviewing and the decisional balance procedure for cessation induction in smokers not intending to quit.

Introduction: The decisional balance (DB) procedure examines the pros and cons of behavior change and was considered a component in early formulations of Motivational Interviewing (MI). However, there is controversy and conflicting findings regarding the use of a DB exercise within the treatment of addictions and a need to clarify the role of DB as a component of MI.

Methods: College tobacco smokers (N=82) with no intentions on quitting were randomly assigned to receive a single counseling session of either Motivational Interviewing using only the decisional balance component (MIDB), or health education around smoking cessation (HE).

A Randomized Trial of Motivational Interviewing: Cessation Induction Among Smokers With Low Desire to Quit.

Introduction: Despite limitations in evidence, the current Clinical Practice Guideline advocates Motivational Interviewing for smokers not ready to quit. This study evaluated the efficacy of Motivational Interviewing for inducing cessation-related behaviors among smokers with low motivation to quit.

Design: Randomized clinical trial.

Assessing race and ethnicity data quality across cancer registries and EMRs in two hospitals.

Background: Measurement of patient race/ethnicity in electronic health records is mandated and important for tracking health disparities.

Objective: Characterize the quality of race/ethnicity data collection efforts.

Methods: For all cancer patients diagnosed (2007-2010) at two hospitals, we extracted demographic data from five sources: 1) a university hospital cancer registry, 2) a university electronic medical record (EMR), 3) a community hospital cancer registry, 4) a community EMR, and 5) a joint clinical research registry.

Using basic laboratory research to understand scheduled smoking: a field investigation of the effects of manipulating controllability on subjective responses to smoking.

Objective: To examine, in a naturalistic context, the effect of manipulating smokers' control over their smoking behavior on subjective responses to smoking.

Design: A within-subjects yoking design was used in which 23 participants (45% female) first engaged in ad-lib or controllable smoking for 3 days during which a hand-held computer was used to record the timing of every cigarette smoked. This was followed by a 3-day scheduled or uncontrollable smoking phase in which participants were prompted to smoke by the hand-held computer on the same schedule that they had previously recorded.

Using motivational interviewing with smokers: do therapist behaviors relate to engagement and therapeutic alliance?

This study examined whether therapist behaviors consistent with motivational interviewing (MI) were associated with within-session working alliance and client engagement. Forty-six audiotaped counseling sessions were drawn from a group-randomized comparison-controlled smoking cessation trial for public housing residents. Separate raters coded therapist behaviors and client behaviors.

Use of a brief Smoking Consequences Questionnaire for Adults (SCQ-A) in African American smokers.

Purposes of the present study were to (a) examine psychometric properties of a brief Smoking Consequences Questionnaire-Adult (SCQ-A) among an African American sample and (b) explore differences in smoking expectancies across levels of smoking-nicotine dependence. Four hundred eighty-four smokers attending an urban health clinic completed the brief SCQ-A. Maximum likelihood factor extraction with a varimax rotation specifying 9 factors replicated 9 factors of the original SCQ-A.

Acute nicotine reinforcement, but not chronic tolerance, predicts withdrawal and relapse after quitting smoking.

Little research has examined the association of tobacco dependence with nicotine tolerance or reinforcement in a clinical sample. Smokers preparing to quit smoking participated in laboratory sessions to assess nicotine tolerance on subjective, cardiovascular, and performance measures and to assess nicotine reinforcement using a choice procedure. Participants were then provided with individual counseling (but no medication), made a quit attempt, and were followed for 1 year to determine clinical outcome, as determined by postquit withdrawal and days to relapse.