The Association Between Habitual Sleep Duration and Blood Pressure Control in United States (US) Adults with Hypertension.

Purpose: This study examined the relationship between habitual sleep duration and blood pressure (BP) control in adults with hypertension.

Methods: This cross-sectional study used data of 5163 adults with hypertension obtained from the 2015-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the association between habitual sleep duration and BP control.

Factors associated with habitual sleep duration in US adults with hypertension: a cross-sectional study of the 2015-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Background: The relationship between inadequate sleep duration and hypertension risk has been established in the general population, but there is a gap in the literature on predictors of habitual sleep duration in adults with hypertension. This study examined factors associated with habitual sleep duration among adults with hypertension in the United States (US).

Methods: Data of 5660 adults with hypertension were obtained by combining the 2015-2018 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Food and mood: how do diet and nutrition affect mental wellbeing?

Poor nutrition may be a causal factor in the experience of low mood, and improving diet may help to protect not only the physical health but also the mental health of the population, say

High glycemic index and glycemic load diets as risk factors for insomnia: analyses from the Women's Health Initiative.

Background: Previous studies have shown mixed results on the association between carbohydrate intake and insomnia. However, any influence that refined carbohydrates have on risk of insomnia is likely commensurate with their relative contribution to the overall diet, so studies are needed that measure overall dietary glycemic index (GI), glycemic load, and intakes of specific types of carbohydrates.

Objective: We hypothesized that higher GI and glycemic load would be associated with greater odds of insomnia prevalence and incidence.

Familial aggregation of major depressive disorder in an African-American community.

Background: African Americans (AAs) with major depressive disorder (MDD) experience more impairment and poorer treatment outcomes relative to Whites, yet are underrepresented in family studies of MDD. This is the first study to investigate the familial aggregation of major depression among AAs.

Methods: Participants' reports of depression from clinical and family history (FH) interviews were used to examine depression rates among 435 first-degree relatives and half-siblings of 63 depressed cases and 222 relatives of 33 nondepressed controls.

Differential Associations Between Depression, Risk Factors for Insulin Resistance and Diabetes Incidence in a Large U.S. Sample.

Background: Depression frequently co-occurs with diabetes. The associations between risk factors for insulin resistance and depression and diabetes can help determine the relative importance of factors that contribute toward the comorbidity.

Method: Analyses of the NHANES I (n = 10,025) to examine the cross-sectional relationships between depression and risk factors for insulin resistance at baseline using logistic regression and to explore the longitudinal relationships between risk factors for insulin resistance and diabetes incidence using Cox proportional hazards modeling.

High glycemic index diet as a risk factor for depression: analyses from the Women's Health Initiative.

Background: The consumption of sweetened beverages, refined foods, and pastries has been shown to be associated with an increased risk of depression in longitudinal studies. However, any influence that refined carbohydrates has on mood could be commensurate with their proportion in the overall diet; studies are therefore needed that measure overall intakes of carbohydrate and sugar, glycemic index (GI), and glycemic load.

Objective: We hypothesized that higher dietary GI and glycemic load would be associated with greater odds of the prevalence and incidence of depression.

Invited commentary: nighttime light exposure as a risk factor for obesity through disruption of circadian and circannual rhythms.

In this issue of the American Journal of Epidemiology, McFadden et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2014;180(3):245-250) report findings on the relationship between light exposure at night and obesity from a cross-sectional study of United Kingdom women.

Daytime sleepiness and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke: results from the Nurses' Health Study II.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether daytime sleepiness is independently associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke or whether the positive association is explained by short sleep duration, disturbed sleep, and circadian disruption, conditions that are associated with cardiometabolic risk factors for vascular events.

Methods: Longitudinal analyses of data from the Nurses' Health Study II comprising 84,003 female registered nurses aged 37-54 at baseline were conducted in 2001 with follow-up until 2009. Multivariate Cox regression was used to explore the relationship between reported daytime sleepiness and the incidence of either CHD or stroke (n=500 cases).

A review of evidence for the link between sleep duration and hypertension.

There are lines of evidence from experimental sleep deprivation studies, population-based epidemiological studies, and an interventional study that point to the potential efficacy of adequate quality sleep to prevent and treat hypertension. Experimental sleep restriction has been shown to raise blood pressure and heart rate. Insufficient sleep on a chronic basis can raise average 24-hour blood pressure and lead to structural adaptations that entrain the cardiovascular system to operate at an elevated blood pressure equilibrium and increase the risk for hypertension.

Sleep duration and risk for hypertension in women: results from the nurses' health study.

Background: Acute sleep restriction has been shown to increase blood pressure and sympathetic nervous system activity.

Methods: We investigated the relationships between sleep duration and hypertension among women whose sleep durations were self-reported in 1986 (n = 82,130) and 2000 (n = 71,658) in the Nurses' Health Study I (NHS-I) and in 2001 (n = 84,674) in the Nurses' Health Study II (NHS-II).

Results: After controlling for multiple risk factors in logistic regression models, the prevalence of hypertension was significantly higher among women in all 3 groups who slept ≤5 hours (odds ratio = 1.

Short sleep duration as a risk factor for hypercholesterolemia: analyses of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health.

Study Objectives: To explore the relationship between sleep duration in adolescence and hypercholesterolemia in young adulthood. Experimental sleep restriction has been shown to significantly increase total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels in women. Short sleep duration has been found in cross sectional studies to be associated with higher total cholesterol and lower HDL cholesterol levels.

Time-to-pregnancy and risk of schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia has been linked to advanced paternal age, but the explanation is unknown. We questioned whether the incidence of schizophrenia would be related to male reproductive capacity, as reflected in the time taken to conceive. We measured the incidence of schizophrenia in relation to time to conception in a sub-group of 12,269 in the Jerusalem cohort whose mothers, interviewed post-partum, reported that the pregnancy had been intended.

Insomnia and sleep duration as mediators of the relationship between depression and hypertension incidence.

Background: Depression has been found to predict the incidence of hypertension and other adverse cardiovascular events in prospective studies. Insomnia and short sleep duration, which are typical symptoms of depression, have also been shown to increase the risk for hypertension incidence. Insomnia is associated with increased activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and short sleep duration raises average 24-h blood pressure, which over time could lead to structural adaptations that gradually reset the entire cardiovascular system to operate at an elevated pressure equilibrium.

Sleep duration associated with mortality in elderly, but not middle-aged, adults in a large US sample.

Study Objectives: To explore age differences in the relationship between sleep duration and mortality by conducting analyses stratified by age. Both short and long sleep durations have been found to be associated with mortality. Short sleep duration is associated with negative health outcomes, but there is little evidence that long sleep duration has adverse health effects.