A new direction for Alzheimer's research.

Despite decades of research, at present there is no curative therapy for Alzheimer's disease. Changes in the way new drugs are tested appear to be necessary. Three changes are presented here and will be discussed.

A unique and promising combination of medications for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

At present there is no therapy for Alzheimer's Disease which completely stops the progressive dementia effecting late onset Alzheimer's Disease (AD) patients. It is felt that the main reason for this failure is that AD appears to be a disease caused by four major pathological processes. To date, efforts to develop treatments have addressed only one or another of these four etiologies.

A paradigm shift for evaluating pharmacotherapy for Alzheimer's disease: the 10-patient screening protocol.

Objective: Discuss etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and offer a paradigm shift-a change in basic assumptions-from present standards in clinical trials.

Data Source: PubMed search for studies into AD pathophysiology and assessment of disease progression. Searched terms: amyloid precursor protein/amyloid beta pathology, senile plaques, mitochondrial dysfunction, reactive oxygen species , advanced glycation end products, neuro-inflammation, dysfunctional microglia/astrocytes, proinflammatory cytokines, ApoE4 allele, Tau phosphorylation, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Dementia Severity Rating Scale, Clinical Dementia Rating Scale, Relative's Assessment of Global Symptomatology-Elderly, and Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive.

Trends and variation in incidence, surgical treatment, and repeat surgery of proximal humeral fractures in the elderly.

Background: the treatment of proximal humeral fractures in the elderly remains controversial. Options include nonoperative treatment, open reduction with internal fixation (ORIF), and hemiarthroplasty. Locking plate technology has expanded the indications for ORIF for certain fracture types in osteoporotic bone.