The rate of detection of intravascular injection in cervical transforaminal epidural steroid injections with and without digital subtraction angiography.

Objective: To determine whether digital subtraction angiography (DSA) combined with real-time fluoroscopic imaging improves the detection rate of intravascular injection during cervical transforaminal epidural steroid injections (CTFESIs).

Design: Retrospective analysis.

Setting: Outpatient surgery center.