Comprehensive Assessment of Lifetime Cigarette Smoking and Its Association with Health-Related Quality of Life among Older US Adults-A Cross-sectional Study.

Background: Cigarette smoking is an established risk factor for lower health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Studies to date have not used comprehensive measures of tobacco exposures across the life course. We examined the association between a lifetime cigarette smoke exposure index (LCSEI) and HRQOL among older US adults.

Geographical location, cigarette risk perceptions, and current smoking among older US adults.

Introduction: Cigarette smoking and smoking-related lung disease are more common in rural (vs urban) areas of the United States (US). This study examined relationships between geographical location, cigarette risk perceptions, and current smoking among older adults who are at greatest risk of developing smoking-related lung disease.

Methods: The study was a secondary data analysis of 12126 respondents aged ≥40 years from Wave 5 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study.

Recall of Flavor at First E-cigarette Use and Its Association with E-cigarette Progression: The Mediating Effects of First Sensory Experience.

Objective: To test whether the association between flavor at first vape and continued use is mediated through subjective experience at first vape.

Study Design: In a 2020 cross-sectional survey, 955 young adult ever-vapers recalled their first flavor vaped, subjective experiences at first use, current vaping behavior, nicotine dependence, and quit attempts. A latent class model grouped first-use subjective experiences into classes.

Level and timing of product substitution in a trial of e-cigarettes for smokers not interested in quitting.

Introduction: The e-cigarette market is large and diverse. Traditional smoking cessation trials involving a control group and a 6-month observation period are an inefficient methodology for testing the multiple treatment options e-cigarettes provide for harm reduction in cigarette smokers. We determined when product substitution occurred in the e-cigarette provision arm of an e-cigarette substitution trial for cigarette smokers who were not interested in quitting.

Relationship Between Tobacco Product Use and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Individuals With COPD in Waves 1-5 (2013-2019) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study.

Introduction: We examined the association between tobacco product use and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Waves 1-5 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study.

Methods: Adults ≥40 years with an ever COPD diagnosis were included in cross-sectional (Wave 5) and longitudinal (Waves 1 to 5) analyses. Tobacco use included 13 mutually exclusive categories of past 30-day (P30D) single use and polyuse with P30D exclusive cigarette use and ≥5-year cigarette cessation as reference groups.

Childhood Cigarette Smoking and Risk of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Older U.S. Adults.

It is not certain the extent to which childhood smoking adds chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) risk independent of lifetime cigarette exposure. We examined the association between age started smoking cigarettes regularly, current smoking status, smoking history, and risk of COPD. Cross-sectional survey of U.

Association of tobacco product use with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) prevalence and incidence in Waves 1 through 5 (2013-2019) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study.

Background: We examined the association of non-cigarette tobacco use on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) risk in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study.

Methods: There were 13,752 participants ≥ 40 years with Wave 1 (W1) data for prevalence analyses, including 6945 adults without COPD for incidence analyses; W1-5 (2013-2019) data were analyzed. W1 tobacco use was modeled as 12 mutually-exclusive categories of past 30-day (P30D) single and polyuse, with two reference categories (current exclusive cigarette and never tobacco).

Tobacco Use and Respiratory Symptoms Among Adults: Findings From the Longitudinal Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study 2014-2016.

Introduction: We examined the relationship between current tobacco use and functionally important respiratory symptoms.

Methods: Longitudinal cohort study of 16 295 US adults without COPD in Waves 2-3 (W2-3, 2014-2016) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. Exposure-Ten mutually exclusive categories of tobacco use including single product, multiple product, former, and never use (reference).

Exposure of 4-year to 24-year olds to tobacco imagery on prime-time Chilean television.

Introduction: The extent of the population's exposure to tobacco imagery across all genres of regular TV programming and the contribution of each of these genres is unknown, except for UK broadcast channels. The objective of this study is to estimate the exposure of young people to tobacco imagery on Chilean prime-time television and the programme source contributing to such exposure.

Methods: Programmes aired during 3 weeks in 2019 from the 15 highest audience channels in Chile were content-analysed for the occurrence of tobacco categorised as actual use, implied use, tobacco paraphernalia, tobacco brand appearances and whether they violated Chilean smoke-free law for each 1 min interval (92 639).

Waterpipe smoking and subsequent cigarette and e-cigarette use: a cohort study.

Aim: We tested the hypothesis that waterpipe smoking increases the likelihood to try conventional and electronic cigarettes.

Methods: In 2017 and 2018, 2752 German adolescents (mean age: 14.9 years), who had never tried conventional cigarettes or e-cigarettes, took part in a longitudinal survey with a 6-month observational period.

Concurrent Use of E-cigarettes, Combustible Cigarettes, and Marijuana.

Objective: Subgroups of adolescent single and dual e-cigarette and cigarette users have been identified, but usage patterns have changed in recent years, and there has been an increase in marijuana use. Research is needed with current data to identify subgroups of use including marijuana and determine their behavioral correlates.

Methods: We cross classified ever and recent use of e-cigarettes, combustible cigarettes, and marijuana among US high school students in the 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS), providing 8 different groups.

Validation of an Index for Functionally Important Respiratory Symptoms among Adults in the Nationally Representative Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study, 2014-2016.

The purpose of this study is to validate the seven-item wheezing module from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Children (ISAAC) in the nationally representative Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. Adult participants with complete Wave 2-3 data were selected, including those with asthma but excluding those with COPD and other respiratory diseases ( = 16,295). We created a nine-point respiratory symptom index from the ISAAC questions, assessed the reliability of the index, and examined associations with self-reported asthma diagnosis.

First E-Cigarette Flavor and Device Type Used: Associations With Vaping Persistence, Frequency, and Dependence in Young Adults.

Introduction: Type of e-cigarette flavoring and device during first use might differentiate later e-cigarette use and dependence. This retrospective cross-sectional study examined associations of recalled first nicotine vaping device and flavor used with current vaping frequency/dependence.

Aims And Methods: A young adult cohort from Los Angeles, California, USA completed web-based surveys (N = 2553).

Promotion of Meal Premiums in Child-Directed TV Advertising for Children's Fast-food Meals.

Background: Fast-food intake is a modifiable obesity risk factor in early childhood, and child-directed fast-food marketing is common. Per self-regulatory guidelines regarding deception, premiums (ie, incentives or toy giveaways) in child-directed advertisements must be secondary to the advertised product.

Methods: Content analyses were performed of all child-directed fast-food television (TV) advertisements aired on four national US children's TV networks, February 1, 2019, through January 31, 2020, to assess the emphasis of premiums relative to food.

Trends in the Age of Cigarette Smoking Initiation Among Young Adults in the US From 2002 to 2018.

Importance: Success in reducing the prevalence of adolescent smoking could reflect complete prevention of smoking initiation or a shift in the age of cigarette smoking initiation from adolescence into early adulthood.

Objective: To assess trends in early adult (ages 18-23 years) vs adolescent (age <18 years) cigarette smoking initiation and transition to daily cigarette smoking from 2002 to 2018.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Ages at initiation of smoking and the transition to daily smoking were ascertained from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (2002-2018), an annual, population-based, repeated cross-sectional study representative of the US population.

The Relationship Between Exposure to Alcohol Marketing and Underage Drinking Is Causal.

Objective: This article summarizes the findings of narrative and systematic literature reviews focused on the relationship between exposure to alcohol marketing and youth drinking, viewed in context of criteria for causality. We also consider the implications of this proposition for alcohol policy and public health.

Method: Our descriptive synthesis of findings is from 11 narrative and systematic reviews using the nine Bradford Hill causality criteria: (a) strength of association, (b) consistency, (c) specificity of association, (d) temporality, (e) biological gradient, (f) biological plausibility, (g) coherence, (h) experimental evidence, and (i) analogy.

Exposure to Alcohol Use in Movies and Problematic Use of Alcohol: A Longitudinal Study Among Latin American Adolescents.

Objective: This study assesses the association between exposure to alcohol in movies and alcohol use transitions among Latin American adolescents.

Method: A school-based longitudinal study involving 33 secondary schools in Argentina and 57 in Mexico was performed. The baseline sample included 1,504 never drinker adolescents in Argentina and 5,264 in Mexico (mean age = 12.

Viewing images of alcohol use in PG-13-rated movies and alcohol initiation in Mexican-heritage youth.

Mexican American adolescents report high rates of alcohol consumption as well as media use. Viewing alcohol images in the media is associated with increased alcohol consumption; however, to date, this association has not been examined across different ethnic groups in the United States. To bridge this gap, we examined the association between viewing alcohol use images in PG-13-rated movies and alcohol initiation in Mexican-heritage adolescents.