The small hive beetle's capacity to disperse over long distances by flight.

The spread of invasive species often follows a jump-dispersal pattern. While jumps are typically fostered by humans, local dispersal can occur due to the specific traits of a species, which are often poorly understood. This holds true for small hive beetles (Aethina tumida), which are parasites of social bee colonies native to sub-Saharan Africa.

Evaluating the seasonal efficacy of commonly used chemical treatments on Varroa destructor (Mesostigmata: Varroidae) population resurgence in honey bee colonies.

The purpose of this research was to determine how common chemical treatments influence Varroa destructor (Anderson and Trueman) population resurgence rates (defined as time posttreatment for mite populations to reach 3 mites/100 adult bees) in managed honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies seasonally. We conducted 2 experiments that followed the same basic protocol to address this purpose.

Development of a multiplex real-time quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction for the detection of four bee viruses.

Viruses in the families Dicistroviridae and Iflaviridae are among the main threats to western honey bees (Apis mellifera) and native bee species. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the gold standard for pathogen detection in bees. However, high throughput screening for bee virus infections in singleplex PCR reactions is cumbersome and limited by the high quantities of sample RNA required.

Developing a method to rear Varroa destructor in vitro.

Varroa destructor is a significant mite pest of western honey bees (Apis mellifera). Developing a method to rear and maintain populations of V. destructor in vitro would provide year-round access to the mites, allowing scientists to study their biology, behavior, and control more rapidly.

Oxalic acid application method and treatment intervals for reduction of Varroa destructor (Mesostigmata: Varroidae) populations in Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae) colonies.

Oxalic acid (OA) is a popular miticide used to control Varroa destructor (Mesostigmata: Varroidae) in western honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) colonies. Our aim was to investigate which method of OA application (dribbling, fogging, or vaporizing) was the most effective at reducing V.

Widespread distribution of honey bee-associated pathogens in native bees and wasps: Trends in pathogen prevalence and co-occurrence.

Pollinators have experienced significant declines in the past decade, in part due to emerging infectious diseases. Historically, studies have primarily focused on pathogens in the Western honey bee, Apis mellifera. However, recent work has demonstrated that these pathogens are shared by other pollinators and can negatively affect their health.

Report of amoebic disease in a colony of Western honey bees ().

The amoeba is the etiologic agent of amoebic (amoeba) disease of Western honey bees (). damages the Malpighian tubules, which is believed to weaken and kill the host bee. Here, the authors describe the detection of this organism in a honey bee colony in the Yukon Territory, Canada.

Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Exposure to Pesticide Residues in Nectar and Pollen in Urban and Suburban Environments from Four Regions of the United States.

The risk of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) exposure to pesticide residues while foraging for nectar and pollen is commonly explored in the context of agroecosystems. However, pesticides are also used in urban and suburban areas for vegetation management, vector control, and the management of ornamental plants in public and private landscapes.

CropPol: A dynamic, open and global database on crop pollination.

Seventy five percent of the world's food crops benefit from insect pollination. Hence, there has been increased interest in how global change drivers impact this critical ecosystem service. Because standardized data on crop pollination are rarely available, we are limited in our capacity to understand the variation in pollination benefits to crop yield, as well as to anticipate changes in this service, develop predictions, and inform management actions.

Attack of the dark clones the genetics of reproductive and color traits of South African honey bees (Apis mellifera spp.).

The traits of two subspecies of western honey bees, Apis mellifera scutellata and A.m. capensis, endemic to the Republic of South Africa (RSA), are of biological and commercial relevance.

Integrated Pest Management Control of Varroa destructor (Acari: Varroidae), the Most Damaging Pest of (Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae)) Colonies.

Varroa destructor is among the greatest biological threats to western honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) health worldwide. Beekeepers routinely use chemical treatments to control this parasite, though overuse and mismanagement of these treatments have led to widespread resistance in Varroa populations.

Mitigating Nosema ceranae infection in western honey bee (Apis mellifera) workers using propolis collected from honey bee and stingless bee (Tetrigona apicalis) hives.

Beekeepers need sustainable control options to treat Nosema ceranae infection in colonies of western honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) they manage. Propolis is a natural product derived from plant resins and contains chemical compounds with potential antimicrobial activity against N.

Testing new compounds for efficacy against Varroa destructor and safety to honey bees (Apis mellifera).

Background: Varroa destructor is among the greatest threats to honey bee health worldwide. Acaricides used to control Varroa are becoming increasingly ineffective due to resistance issues, prompting the need for new compounds that can be used for control purposes. Ideally, such compounds would exhibit high toxicity to Varroa while maintaining relatively low toxicity to bees and beekeepers.

Tracing the Fate of Pollen Substitute Patties in Western Honey Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Colonies.

Commercial beekeepers need healthy, productive honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies, even when the landscape lacks adequate pollen forage to sustain the colonies. As a result, many commercial beekeepers spend significant money and labor on the use of pollen substitutes in their colonies.

Detection of , and Replicative Forms of Deformed Wing Virus and Kashmir Bee Virus in the Small Hive Beetle ().

Knowledge regarding the honey bee pathogens borne by invasive bee pests remains scarce. This investigation aimed to assess the presence in (small hive beetle, SHB) adults of honey bee pathogens belonging to the following groups: (i) bacteria ( and ), (ii) trypanosomatids ( and ), and (iii) viruses (black queen cell virus, Kashmir bee virus, deformed wing virus, slow paralysis virus, sacbrood virus, Israeli acute paralysis virus, acute bee paralysis virus, chronic bee paralysis virus). Specimens were collected from free-flying colonies in Gainesville (Florida, USA) in summer 2017.

The Larvicidal and Adulticidal Effects of Selected Plant Essential Oil Constituents on Greater Wax Moths.

Some plant essential oil constituents, such as monoterpenoids and phenylpropanoids, are promising insecticides in some situations and for certain insect pests. They vary in their toxicity, depending on the target insect. Moths (Lepidoptera) appear susceptible to these compounds, making them of promise for use against greater wax moths (Galleria mellonella Fabricius, (Lepidoptera: Pyrallidae), GWM), an important pest of western honey bee (Apis mellifera Linnaeus.

The mitochondrial genome of the Maltese honey bee, (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Apidae).

The mitochondrial genome of consisted of 13 protein-coding genes, two rRNAs, 22 tRNAs, an AT-rich control region, and was 16,577 bp long. The phylogenetic analyses suggested that was closely related to two North African subspecies: and .

The complete mitochondrial genome of (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Apidae), the Arabian honey bee.

The mitochondrial genome of a worker was 16,623 bp. It consisted of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, two ribosomal RNAs and a control region. Phylogenetic analyses suggest a close relationship between , and .

The mitochondrial genome of the Spanish honey bee, (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Apidae), from Portugal.

The Spanish honey bee , had a mitochondrial genome of 16,560 bp. It consisted of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, and an AT-rich control region. The sample was from Portugal and its mitogenome resembled those of the African (A)-lineage honey bee subspecies.

The complete mitochondrial genome of the West African honey bee (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Apidae).

The complete mitochondrial genome of the West African honey bee consisted of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and a control region. It was 16,466 bp and consisted of 84.7% AT nucleotides.

The mitochondrial genome of (Hymenoptera: Apidae), an Ethiopian honey bee.

The complete mitochondrial genome of was 16,523 bp long. The 13 protein-coding genes, two rRNAs, and 22 tRNAs resembled other mitogenomes. The location of this subspecies in our phylogenetic tree supported the hypothesis that this subspecies is distinct, and is most closely related to and .

Successful Pupation of Small Hive Beetle, Aethina tumida (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), in Greenhouse Substrates.

The small hive beetle, Aethina tumida Murray, is an invasive pest that has spread globally. Western honey bees, Apis mellifera Linnaeus (Hymenoptera: Apidae), are considered the most important host and infestations can lead to collapse of colonies. Larvae feed on honey, pollen, and brood inside the hive and leave the hive as postfeeding wandering larvae to pupate in the surrounding soil.

Comparing four methods of rearing Varroa destructor in vitro.

The parasitic mite Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman continues to devastate western honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) colonies throughout most of the world where they are managed. The development of a method to rear Varroa in vitro would allow for year-round Varroa research, rapidly advancing our progress towards controlling the mite.

Genetic diversity and population structure of two subspecies of western honey bees ( L.) in the Republic of South Africa as revealed by microsatellite genotyping.

and , two native subspecies of western honey bees in the Republic of South Africa (RSA), are important to beekeepers in their native region because beekeepers use these bees for honey production and pollination purposes. Additionally, both bees are important invasive pests outside of their native ranges. Recently, whole mitogenome sequencing and single nucleotide polymorphisms were used to study their genetic diversity.

Evaluating the Efficacy of Oxalic Acid Vaporization and Brood Interruption in Controlling the Honey Bee Pest Varroa destructor (Acari: Varroidae).

A successful Integrated Pest Management approach to Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman control in managed colonies of western honey bees Apis mellifera Linnaeus (Hymenoptera: Apidae) must be an improvement over conventional control methods and include cost-effective treatments that can be readily employed by beekeepers. Herein, we tested the efficacy of oxalic acid (OA) vaporization and brood interruption as Varroa controls. Sixty experimental colonies were randomly assigned to one of six treatment groups with 10 colonies per group.