New Assays for Rapid Detection of Beet Leafhopper-Associated Plant Pathogens, ' Phytoplasma trifolii', Beet Curly Top Virus, and .

The beet leafhopper is an important pest of agricultural crops in the United States, where it transmits beet curly top virus, beet leafhopper-transmitted virescence agent phytoplasma, and to numerous crops, affecting yield and quality. Each of these pathogens have been linked to serious disease outbreaks within Washington State in the past century. To mitigate the risk of disease, growers target the beet leafhopper in their insect pest management programs.

First Report of Curly Top of Caused by in the Columbia Basin of Washington State.

Two fields of coriander ( L.) seed crops of proprietary cultivars were observed in the Columbia Basin of Washington in July 2020 with 40 and 90% incidence of plants showing stunting and leaf and stem discoloration, sometimes with mild leaf curl. Foliar discoloration ranged from yellow to red and purple.

Strain-Specific Resistance to Potato virus Y (PVY) in Potato and Its Effect on the Relative Abundance of PVY Strains in Commercial Potato Fields.

Potato virus Y (PVY) is a serious threat to potato production due to effects on tuber yield and quality, in particular, due to induction of potato tuber necrotic ringspot disease (PTNRD), typically associated with recombinant strains of PVY. These recombinant strains have been spreading in the United States for the past several years, although the reasons for this continuing spread remained unclear. To document and assess this spread between 2011 and 2015, strain composition of PVY isolates circulating in the Columbia Basin potato production area was determined from hundreds of seed lots of various cultivars.

RNA-Seq analysis of resistant and susceptible potato varieties during the early stages of potato virus Y infection.

Background: Potato virus Y (PVY) is one of the most important plant viruses affecting potato production. The interactions between potato and PVY are complex and the outcome of the interactions depends on the potato genotype, the PVY strain, and the environmental conditions. A potato cultivar can induce resistance to a specific PVY strain, yet be susceptible to another.

Identification of a fourth haplotype of Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Triozidae) in the United States.

The potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc) (Hemiptera: Triozidae), is a pest of potato and other solanaceous crops in North and Central America and New Zealand. Previous genotyping studies have demonstrated the presence of three different haplotypes of B. cockerelli in the United States corresponding to three geographical regions: Central, Western, and Northwestern.

A global comparison of Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Triozidae) microbial communities.

The potato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli Sulc) is an economically important insect pest of solanaceous crops such as potato, tomato, pepper, and tobacco. Historically, the potato psyllid's range included central United States, Mexico, and California; more recently, populations of this insect have been reported in Central America, the Pacific Northwest, and New Zealand. Like most phytophagous insects, potato psyllids require symbiotic bacteria to compensate for nutritional deficiencies in their diet.

Low-level detection of candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum in Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Triozidae) by 16s rRNA Pyrosequencing.

Accurate detection and quantification of Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (CLs), the putative causal agent of zebra chip disease of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), in the potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc), has become necessary to better understand the biology of the disease cycle. Studies on the transmission efficiency of potato psyllids have shown inconsistencies with field surveys.

Temporal and spatial analysis of potato psyllid haplotypes in the United States.

The potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc) (Hemiptera: Triozidae), is an economically important pest of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) crops across the western and central United States, as it is known to cause psyllid yellows disease and to transmit the bacterium that causes zebra chip disease. Recent genotyping of B.

Genetic diversity of the ordinary strain of Potato virus Y (PVY) and origin of recombinant PVY strains.

The ordinary strain of Potato virus Y (PVY), PVY(O), causes mild mosaic in tobacco and induces necrosis and severe stunting in potato cultivars carrying the Ny gene. A novel substrain of PVY(O) was recently reported, PVY(O)-O5, which is spreading in the United States and is distinguished from other PVY(O) isolates serologically (i.e.

Incidence of the beet leafhopper-transmitted virescence agent phytoplasma in local populations of the beet leafhopper, Circulifer tenellus, in Washington State.

Phytoplasma diseases are increasingly becoming important in vegetable crops in the Pacific Northwest. Recently, growers in the Columbia Basin and Yakima Valley experienced serious outbreaks of potato purple top disease that caused significant yield loss and a reduction in tuber processing quality. It was determined that the beet leafhopper-transmitted virescence agent (BLTVA) phytoplasma was the causal agent of the disease in the area and that this pathogen was transmitted by the beet leafhopper, Circulifer tenellus Baker (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae).

Complete genomic sequence of a Tobacco rattle virus isolate from Michigan-grown potatoes.

Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) causes stem mottle on potato leaves and necrotic arcs and rings in potato tubers, known as corky ringspot disease. Recently, TRV was reported in Michigan potato tubers cv. FL1879 exhibiting corky ringspot disease.

Carrot Purple Leaf: A New Spiroplasmal Disease Associated with Carrots in Washington State.

During the growing seasons of 2003 and 2004, a disease occurred in several carrot crops in south central Washington with symptoms suggestive of infection by phytopathogenic mollicutes (phytoplasmas and spiroplasmas). In the fall, many affected carrot plants exhibited extensive purple or yellow-purple leaf discoloration, general stunting of shoots and taproots, and formation of bunchy, fibrous secondary roots. For detection of the putative causal agents, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were performed using primers specific to phytoplasmas as well as primers specific to plant-pathogenic spiroplasmas.