Hypoactivation of ventromedial frontal cortex in major depressive disorder: an MEG study of the Reward Positivity.

Background: The Reward Positivity (RewP) is a sensitive and specific electrophysiological marker of reward receipt. These characteristics make it a compelling candidate marker of dysfunctional reward processing in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). We previously proposed that the RewP is a temporal nexus for multiple dimensions of reward value, and that a diminished RewP in depression might only reflect a deficit in some of these features.

The development and structure of the HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) Study EEG protocol.

The HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) Study, a multi-site prospective longitudinal cohort study, will examine human brain, cognitive, behavioral, social, and emotional development beginning prenatally and planned through early childhood. Electroencephalography (EEG) is one of two brain imaging modalities central to the HBCD Study. EEG records electrical signals from the scalp that reflect electrical brain activity.

Neural response to monetary incentives in acquired adolescent depression after mild traumatic brain injury: Stage 2 Registered Report.

Depression is a common consequence of traumatic brain injury. Separately, spontaneous depression-arising without brain injury-has been linked to abnormal responses in motivational neural circuitry to the anticipation or receipt of rewards. It is unknown if post-injury and spontaneously occurring depression share similar phenotypic profiles.

Cognition falters at ~4 Hz in Parkinson's disease.

Cognitive impairments are common in Parkinson's disease (PD). We have linked this deficit to attenuated midfrontal 1-8-Hz activity that fails to engage cortical cognitive networks. We discuss the consequences of these impairments and how they might be leveraged for PD-specific neurophysiological markers and for novel brain stimulation paradigms.

Electrophysiological Markers of Aberrant Cue-Specific Exploration in Hazardous Drinkers.

Background: Hazardous drinking is associated with maladaptive alcohol-related decision-making. Existing studies have often focused on how participants learn to exploit familiar cues based on prior reinforcement, but little is known about the mechanisms that drive hazardous drinkers to explore novel alcohol cues when their value is not known.

Methods: We investigated exploration of novel alcohol and non-alcohol cues in hazardous drinkers (N = 27) and control participants (N = 26) during electroencephalography (EEG).

Hypoactivation of ventromedial frontal cortex in major depressive disorder: an MEG study of the Reward Positivity.

Background: The Reward Positivity (RewP) is sensitive and specific electrophysiological marker of reward receipt. These characteristics make it a compelling candidate marker of dysfunctional reward processing in major depressive disorder. We previously proposed that the RewP is a nexus of multiple aspects of reward variance, and that a diminished RewP in depression might only reflect a deficit in some of this variance.

Slowing of Parameterized Resting-State Electroencephalography After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

Reported changes in electroencephalography (EEG)-derived spectral power after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) remains inconsistent across existing literature. However, this may be a result of previous analyses depending solely on observing spectral power within traditional canonical frequency bands rather than accounting for the aperiodic activity within the collected neural signal. Therefore, the aim of this study was to test for differences in rhythmic and arrhythmic time series across the brain, and in the cognitively relevant frontoparietal (FP) network, and observe whether those differences were associated with cognitive recovery post-mTBI.

Test-retest reliability of spectral parameterization by 1/f characterization using SpecParam.

SpecParam (formally known as FOOOF) allows for the refined measurements of electroencephalography periodic and aperiodic activity, and potentially provides a non-invasive measurement of excitation: inhibition balance. However, little is known about the psychometric properties of this technique. This is integral for understanding the usefulness of SpecParam as a tool to determine differences in measurements of cognitive function, and electroencephalography activity.

Medication-invariant resting aperiodic and periodic neural activity in Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) has been associated with greater total power in canonical frequency bands (i.e., alpha, beta) of the resting electroencephalogram (EEG).

Depth recordings of the mouse homologue of the Reward Positivity.

We recently advanced a rodent homologue for the reward-specific, event-related potential component observed in humans known as the Reward Positivity. We sought to determine the cortical source of this signal in mice to further test the nature of this homology. While similar reward-related cortical signals have been identified in rats, these recordings were all performed in cingulate gyrus.

Effects of anodal tDCS on electroencephalography correlates of cognitive control in mild-to-moderate traumatic brain injury.

Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) may provide a potential therapy for cognitive deficits caused by traumatic brain injury (TBI), yet its efficacy and mechanisms of action are still uncertain.

Objective: We hypothesized that anodal tDCS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) would boost the influence of a cognitive training regimen in a mild-to-moderate TBI (mmTBI) sample. Cognitive enhancement was measured by examining event-related potentials (ERPs) during cognitive control tasks from pre- to post-treatment.

Affective imagery boosts the reward related delta power in hazardous drinkers.

The Reward Positivity (RewP) is an event-related potential component with a delta band spectral representation that is elicited by reward receipt. Evidence suggests that RewP is modulated by both reward probability as well as affective valuation ("liking"). Here we determined whether RewP is a marker of enhanced hedonic salience of alcohol images in hazardous drinkers.

Evoked mid-frontal activity predicts cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.

Background: Cognitive dysfunction is a major feature of Parkinson's disease (PD), but the pathophysiology remains unknown. One potential mechanism is abnormal low-frequency cortical rhythms which engage cognitive functions and are deficient in PD. We tested the hypothesis that mid-frontal delta/theta rhythms predict cognitive dysfunction in PD.

Impaired cognitive control after moderate prenatal alcohol exposure corresponds to altered EEG power during a rodent touchscreen continuous performance task.

Although it is well established that alcohol consumption during pregnancy can lead to lifelong difficulties in offspring, Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) remain a common neurodevelopmental syndrome. Translational behavioral tools that target similar brain circuits across species can facilitate understanding of these cognitive consequences. Touchscreen behavioral tasks for rodents enable easy integration of dura recordings of electroencephalographic (EEG) activity in awake behaving animals, with clear translational generalizability.

Heart rate variability may index emotion dysregulation in alcohol-related intimate partner violence.

Introduction: Intimate partner violence is a serious public health problem that costs the United States more than $4.1 billion in direct medical and mental health costs alone. Furthermore, alcohol use contributes to more frequent and more severe intimate partner violence incidents.

Proceedings of the 10th annual deep brain stimulation think tank: Advances in cutting edge technologies, artificial intelligence, neuromodulation, neuroethics, interventional psychiatry, and women in neuromodulation.

The deep brain stimulation (DBS) Think Tank X was held on August 17-19, 2022 in Orlando FL. The session organizers and moderators were all women with the theme . Dr.

Reduced positive affect alters reward learning via reduced information encoding in the Reward Positivity.

Reward Positivity (RewP) is a feedback-locked event-related potential component that is specifically elicited by rewarding feedback and scales with positive reward prediction error, a hallmark of reinforcement learning models. The RewP is also diminished in depression, suggesting that it may be a novel marker of anhedonia. Here, we examined if a sad mood induction offered an opportunity to causally induce a mood-related alteration of the RewP and reward-related learning.

Prefrontal transcranial magnetic stimulation boosts response vigour during reinforcement learning in healthy adults.

A 10-Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to the left dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex has been shown to increase dopaminergic activity in the dorsal striatum, a region strongly implicated in reinforcement learning. However, the behavioural influence of this effect remains largely unknown. We tested the causal effects of 10-Hz stimulation on behavioural and computational characteristics of reinforcement learning.

Novelty-induced frontal-STN networks in Parkinson's disease.

Novelty detection is a primitive subcomponent of cognitive control that can be deficient in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Here, we studied the corticostriatal mechanisms underlying novelty-response deficits. In participants with PD, we recorded from cortical circuits with scalp-based electroencephalography (EEG) and from subcortical circuits using intraoperative neurophysiology during surgeries for implantation of deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrodes.

Cognitive control in Parkinson's disease.

Cognitive control is the ability to act according to plan. Problems with cognitive control are a primary symptom and a major decrement of quality of life in Parkinson's disease (PD). Individuals with PD have problems with seemingly different controlled processes (e.

Amphetamine alters an EEG marker of reward processing in humans and mice.

The bench-to-bedside development of pro-cognitive therapeutics for psychiatric disorders has been mired by translational failures. This is, in part, due to the absence of pharmacologically sensitive cognitive biomarkers common to humans and rodents. Here, we describe a cross-species translational marker of reward processing that is sensitive to the aminergic agonist, d-amphetamine.

EEG reveals that dextroamphetamine improves cognitive control through multiple processes in healthy participants.

The poor translatability between preclinical and clinical drug trials has limited pro-cognitive therapeutic development. Future pro-cognitive drug trials should use translatable cross-species cognitive tasks with biomarkers (1) relevant to specific cognitive constructs, and (2) sensitive to drug treatment. Here, we used a difficulty-modulated variant of a cross-species cognitive control task with simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) to identify neurophysiological biomarkers sensitive to the pro-cognitive effects of dextroamphetamine (d-amp) (10 or 20 mg) in healthy adults (n = 23), in a randomized, placebo-controlled, counterbalanced, double blind, within-subject study, conducted across three test days each separated by one week.