Bimanual motor impairments in older adults: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

This updated systematic review and meta-analysis further examined potential effects of aging on bimanual movements. Forty-seven qualified studies that compared bimanual motor performances between elderly and younger adults were included in this meta-analysis. Moderator variable analyses additionally determined whether altered bimanual motor performances in older adults were different based on the task types (i.

Higher visual gain contributions to bilateral motor synergies and force control.

This study investigated the effects of altered visual gain levels on bilateral motor synergies determined by the uncontrolled manifold (UCM) hypothesis and force control. Twelve healthy participants performed bimanual index finger abduction force control tasks at 20% of their maximal voluntary contraction across four different visual gain conditions: 8, 80, 256, and 512 pixels/N. Quantifying force accuracy and variability within a trial provided a bimanual force control outcome.

Visual feedback improves bimanual force control performances at planning and execution levels.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different visual conditions and targeted force levels on bilateral motor synergies and bimanual force control performances. Fourteen healthy young participants performed bimanual isometric force control tasks by extending their wrists and fingers under two visual feedback conditions (i.e.

Quality of life outcomes after globus pallidus internus deep brain stimulation in idiopathic or inherited isolated dystonia: a meta-analysis.

Background: Several studies reported the beneficial effects of globus pallidus internus deep brain stimulation (GPi DBS) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with inherited or idiopathic isolated dystonia. However, the impact of this intervention on physical and mental/psychological domains and the effects over time remain unclear.

Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review from January 2000 to May 2019 and performed a meta-analysis of HRQoL outcomes based on the Short Form Health Survey-36 (SF-36) after GPi DBS in patients with inherited or idiopathic isolated dystonia to evaluate the effects of DBS on physical and mental QoL.

Secondary Worsening Following DYT1 Dystonia Deep Brain Stimulation: A Multi-country Cohort.

: To reveal clinical characteristics of suboptimal responses to deep brain stimulation (DBS) in a multi-country DYT1 dystonia cohort. : In this multi-country multi-center retrospective study, we analyzed the clinical data of DYT1 patients who experienced suboptimal responses to DBS defined as <30% improvement in dystonia scales at the last follow-up compared with baseline. We used a literature-driven historical cohort of 112 DYT1 patients for comparison.

Transient changes in paretic and non-paretic isometric force control during bimanual submaximal and maximal contractions.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate transient bimanual effects on the force control capabilities of the paretic and non-paretic arms in individuals post stroke across submaximal and maximal force control tasks.

Methods: Fourteen chronic stroke patients (mean age = 63.8 ± 15.

Correction to: Does transcranial direct current stimulation improve functional locomotion in people with Parkinson's disease? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

In the original article [1], we mentioned that some study characteristics of the article by Dagan and colleagues [2] were unavailable.

Age-related deficits in bilateral motor synergies and force coordination.

Background: Ageing may cause impairments in executing bilateral movement control. This study investigated age-related changes in interlimb force coordination across multiple trials by quantifying bilateral motor synergies based on the uncontrolled manifold hypothesis. Participants completed the trials with and without visual feedback.

Does transcranial direct current stimulation improve functional locomotion in people with Parkinson's disease? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: The purpose of this meta-analysis was to investigate the treatment effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on functional locomotion in people with Parkinson's disease (PD).

Methods: A systematic literature search identified 18 qualified studies that used tDCS protocols as functional locomotion rehabilitation interventions for people with PD. All included studies used either a randomized control trial or crossover designs with a sham control group.

A meta-analysis: Parkinson's disease and dual-task walking.

A growing body of literature has reported the effects of dual tasks on gait performance in people with Parkinson's disease (PD). The purpose of this meta-analysis was to synthesize the existing literature and quantify the overall influence of dual tasks on gait performance in PD. A thorough literature search was conducted, and 19 studies met the stringent inclusion criteria.

STN vs. GPi deep brain stimulation for tremor suppression in Parkinson disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To compare subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) with globus pallidus interna (GPi) DBS for tremor suppression in Parkinson disease (PD).

Background: DBS is an effective surgical therapy that has been shown to provide significant benefit for motor symptoms in PD. Currently, two main structures targeted to treat motor complications in PD are the STN and GPi.

Right Hemisphere Contributions to Bilateral Force Control in Chronic Stroke: A Preliminary Report.

Background: Bilateral motor control deficits poststroke may be lateralized by hemisphere damage. This preliminary study investigated bilateral force control between left and right hemisphere-damaged groups at baseline and after coupled bilateral movement training with neuromuscular stimulation.

Methods: Stroke participants (8 left hemisphere and 6 right hemisphere cerebrovascular accidents) performed a bilateral isometric force control task at 3 submaximal force levels (5%, 25%, and 50% of maximum voluntary contraction [MVC]) before and after training.

Transcranial direct current stimulation and suppression of contralesional primary motor cortex post-stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the therapeutic effects of cathodal tDCS (ctDCS) that suppresses the contralesional primary motor cortex (cM1) activity for individuals with stroke in different recovery phases.

Methods: Fifteen studies that used ctDCS for suppressing the cM1 activity were included in this meta-analysis. Twenty total comparisons from the qualified studies identified motor function changes between ctDCS and sham protocols.

Coherence and interlimb force control: Effects of visual gain.

Neural coupling across hemispheres and homologous muscles often appears during bimanual motor control. Force coupling in a specific frequency domain may indicate specific bimanual force coordination patterns. This study investigated coherence on pairs of bimanual isometric index finger force while manipulating visual gain and task asymmetry conditions.

Does non-invasive brain stimulation reduce essential tremor? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Essential tremor (ET) is the most common age-related disease leading to abnormal tremulous behaviors in the upper and lower extremities. Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) may be an effective ET therapy by modulating the oscillating network of the brain. The current systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effects of NIBS interventions on tremor symptoms in ET patients.

Age-related differences in bimanual movements: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: With increasing age motor functions decline. The additional challenges of executing bimanual movements further hinder motor functions in older adults. The current systematic review and meta-analysis determined the effects of healthy aging on performance in bimanual movements as compared to younger adults.

Bilateral movements increase sustained extensor force in the paretic arm.

Purpose: Muscle weakness in the extensors poststroke is a common motor impairment. Unfortunately, research is unclear on whether bilateral movements increase extensor force production in the paretic arm. This study investigated sustained force production while stroke individuals maximally extended their wrist and fingers on their paretic arm.

Bilateral synergy as an index of force coordination in chronic stroke.

Dysfunction in bilateral coordination post-stroke is responsible for impaired bilateral movements. This study examined bilateral synergies using the uncontrolled manifold (UCM) approach while individuals in a chronic stage after stroke executed bilateral isometric force control at three submaximal force levels. Nine patients with stroke and nine age-matched healthy controls performed 24 trials of wrist and fingers extension at 5, 25, and 50% of MVC.

Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Improves Paretic Limb Force Production: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) facilitates motor improvements post stroke. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) are representative NIBS techniques frequently used in stroke motor rehabilitation. Our primary question is: Do these two techniques improve force production capability in paretic limbs?

Objective: The current systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the effects of tDCS and rTMS on paretic limb force production in stroke survivors.

Deep brain stimulation improves gait velocity in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

In Parkinson's disease (PD), slow gait speed is significantly related to clinical ratings of disease severity, impaired performance of daily activities, as well as increased overall disability. Conducting a meta-analysis on gait speed is an objective and quantitative technique to summarize the effectiveness of DBS and to determine the effect sizes for future studies. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis that analyzed the effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery on gait speed in patients with PD to gain fundamental insight into the nature of therapeutic effectiveness.

Does transcranial direct current stimulation enhance cognitive and motor functions in the ageing brain? A systematic review and meta- analysis.

The use of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to enhance cognitive and motor functions has enjoyed a massive increase in popularity. Modifying neuroplasticity via non-invasive cortical stimulation has enormous potential to slow or even reverse declines in functions associated with ageing. The current meta-analysis evaluated the effects of tDCS on cognitive and motor performance in healthy older adults.

Increased visual information gain improves bimanual force coordination.

Bimanual force control requiring asymmetrical forces between limbs is more challenging than bimanual force control when the limbs produce symmetrical forces. Previous studies investigated visual information gains between 8 and 80 pixels/N to facilitate asymmetrical force control. Given that previous studies limited visual information gain to 80 pixels/N, the current experiment expanded the range by increasing visual information gains (8, 80, 256, and 512 pixels/N).

Transcranial direct current stimulation facilitates motor learning post-stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is an attractive protocol for stroke motor recovery. The current systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the effects of tDCS on motor learning post-stroke. Specifically, we determined long-term learning effects by examining motor improvements from baseline to at least 5 days after tDCS intervention and motor practise.

Force control in chronic stroke.

Force control deficits are common dysfunctions after a stroke. This review concentrates on various force control variables associated with motor impairments and suggests new approaches to quantifying force control production and modulation. Moreover, related neurophysiological mechanisms were addressed to determine variables that affect force control capabilities.