The Association Between Physical Distancing Behaviors to Avoid COVID-19 and Health-Related Quality of Life in Immunocompromised and Nonimmunocompromised Individuals: Patient-Informed Protocol for the Observational, Cross-Sectional EAGLE Study.

Background: Immunocompromised individuals are known to respond inadequately to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, placing them at high risk of severe or fatal COVID-19. Thus, immunocompromised individuals and their caregivers may still practice varying degrees of social or physical distancing to avoid COVID-19. However, the association between physical distancing to avoid COVID-19 and quality of life has not been comprehensively evaluated in any study.

Development and Validation of a Visual Symptom-Specific Patient-Reported Outcomes Instrument for Adults With Cataract Intraocular Lens Implants.

Purpose: To develop a patient-reported outcome measure for capturing visual and ocular symptoms before and after implantation of intraocular lenses (IOLs) for treatment of cataracts.

Design: Questionnaire development and validation study.

Methods: The Questionnaire for Visual Disturbances (QUVID) was developed based on a literature and instrument review; 13 clinician interviews among ophthalmologists in the United States and Europe; and 67 hybrid qualitative patient interviews among adult patients in the United States and Australia before and/or after monofocal, traditional multifocal, or trifocal IOL implantation.

Sonographic appearance of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast according to histologic grade.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of the sonographic features in the BI-RADS lexicon for predicting malignancy grade of invasive ductal breast carcinoma in women assigned a BI-RADS category of 4 or 5.

Materials And Methods: Two radiologists retrospectively evaluated 299 consecutive cases of grades 1-3 invasive ductal breast carcinoma presenting as a mass in consensus by using the BI-RADS sonographic lexicon. Histologic grade was established on surgical specimens.

Rattus Psychologicus: construction of preferences by self-stimulating rats.

Behavioral economists have proposed that human preferences are constructed during their elicitation and are thus influenced by the elicitation procedure. For example, different preferences are expressed when options are encountered one at a time or concurrently. This phenomenon has been attributed to differences in the "evaluability" of a particular attribute when comparison to an option with a different value of this attribute is or is not available.