The development of lower-limb exoskeletons is slow and testing on vulnerable populations like children raises safety concerns, prompting the need for alternative testing methods.
A new mechanical phantom using 3D-printed bones and ballistic gel effectively replicates knee kinematics and soft-tissue deformation, allowing for quicker validation of exoskeletons.
The research showed that accounting for soft-tissue deformation reduces the assistance moment and stiffness in knee exoskeletons, highlighting the importance of energy absorption in improving design efficacy.