Performance of the WID-qEC test to detect uterine cancers in black women with abnormal uterine bleeding: A prospective observational cohort study in Ghana.

The burden of uterine cancer is growing and, in the US and UK, mortality rates are poorest among black women. Early detection of these cancers is critical and poor performance of ultrasound in black women may contribute to adverse outcomes. Limited data on this topic are available from Africa.

Tracing 600 years of long-distance Atlantic cod trade in medieval and post-medieval Oslo using stable isotopes and ancient DNA.

Marine resources have been important for the survival and economic development of coastal human communities across northern Europe for millennia. Knowledge of the origin of such historic resources can provide key insights into fishing practices and the spatial extent of trade networks. Here, we combine ancient DNA and stable isotopes (δC, δN, non-exchangeable δH and δS) to investigate the geographical origin of archaeological cod remains in Oslo from the eleventh to seventeenth centuries CE.

Are early pregnancies implanted close to the tubal ostia at increased risk of miscarriage? A prospective observational study.

Introduction: The aim of this article is to assess any association between the risk of miscarriage and the distance of an early pregnancy from the closest tubal ostia.

Methods: Early pregnancy was defined as a gestational sac ⩽ 15 mm mean diameter within the upper half of the endometrial cavity. The shortest distance from the gestational sac (chorionic membrane) to the closest tubal ostia and the interostial distance were measured.

A protein blueprint of the diatom CO-fixing organelle.

Diatoms are central to the global carbon cycle. At the heart of diatom carbon fixation is an overlooked organelle called the pyrenoid, where concentrated CO is delivered to densely packed Rubisco. Diatom pyrenoids fix approximately one-fifth of global CO, but the protein composition of this organelle is largely unknown.

ANXIOLYTICS: Origins, drug discovery, and mechanisms.

Anxiety is a part of the human condition and has been managed by psychoactive substances for centuries. The current medical need and societal demand for anxiolytic medicines has not abated. The present overview provides a brief historical introduction to the discovery of modern age anxiolytics that include the benzodiazepines together with a discussion of the continuing medical need for new antianxiety medications.

Population structure of across the Indo-Pacific revealed by historical mitogenomes.

, an iconic marine taxon with a tropical and subtropical worldwide distribution, face an uncertain future. All species are designated 'Vulnerable' to extinction by the IUCN. Nonetheless, a comprehensive understanding of geographic structuring across the global range is lacking, impeding our ability to highlight particularly vulnerable populations for conservation priority.

Molecular Pathway Changes Associated with Different Post-Conditioning Exercise Interventions After Experimental TBI.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes complex, time-dependent molecular and cellular responses, which include adaptive changes that promote repair and recovery, as well as maladaptive processes such as chronic inflammation that contribute to chronic neurodegeneration and neurological dysfunction. Hormesis is a well-established biological phenomenon in which exposure to low-dose toxins or stressors results in protective responses to subsequent higher-level stressors or insults. Hormetic stimuli show a characteristic U-shaped or inverted J-shaped dose-response curve, as well as being time and exposure-frequency dependent, similar to pre-conditioning and post-conditioning actions.

Archaeological evidence of resource utilisation of walrus, , over the past two millennia: A systematic review protocol.

The walrus, is an iconic pinniped and predominant molluscivore that is well adapted to Arctic and subarctic environments. Its circumpolar distribution, large body size and ivory tusks facilitated its vital role as food, raw material (for tools and art), income, and cultural influence on many Arctic Indigenous communities for millennia. Intensification of hunting (often due to the arrival of Europeans, especially between the 16 and 19 centuries) to obtain ivory, hide, blubber and meat, resulted in diminished, sometimes extirpated, walrus populations.

A historical perspective and recent advances on the evolution of the relationship between acute and chronic pain and cardiovascular disease.

The relationship between acute pain and the cardiovascular system was recognized approximately 50 years ago following the initial observation, along with several subsequent experimental studies, that hypertension can result in decreases in the perception of pain. These studies provided a strong impetus to study potential mechanisms to clarify commonalities between the regulatory pathways associated with pain and the cardiovascular system. Attention subsequently shifted to an emphasis on the impact of chronic pain on cardiovascular diseases and mortality with several large meta-analyses of longitudinal studies providing clear evidence that chronic widespread pain increases the risk for developing cardiovascular disease and is associated with excess morbidity and mortality.

Predicting Rubisco-Linker Condensation from Titration in the Dilute Phase.

The condensation of Rubisco holoenzymes and linker proteins into "pyrenoids," a crucial supercharger of photosynthesis in algae, is qualitatively understood in terms of "sticker-and-spacer" theory. We derive semianalytical partition sums for small Rubisco-linker aggregates, which enable the calculation of both dilute-phase titration curves and dimerization diagrams. By fitting the titration curves to surface plasmon resonance and single-molecule fluorescence microscopy data, we extract the molecular properties needed to predict dimerization diagrams.

Cervical cancer screening using DNA methylation triage in a real-world population.

Cervical cancer (CC) screening in women comprises human papillomavirus (HPV) testing followed by cytology triage of positive cases. Drawbacks, including cytology's low reproducibility and requirement for short screening intervals, raise the need for alternative triage methods. Here we used an innovative triage technique, the WID-qCIN test, to assess the DNA methylation of human genes DPP6, RALYL and GSX1 in a real-life cohort of 28,017 women aged ≥30 years who attended CC screening in Stockholm between January and March 2017.

High performance of the DNA methylation-based WID-qEC test for detecting uterine cancers independent of sampling modalities.

Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most prevalent gynaecological cancer in high-income countries and its incidence is continuing to rise sharply. Simple and objective tools to reliably detect women with EC are urgently needed. We recently developed and validated the DNA methylation (DNAme)-based women's cancer risk identification-quantitative polymerase chain reaction test for endometrial cancer (WID-qEC) test that could address this need.

Interaction of high-fat diet and brain trauma alters adipose tissue macrophages and brain microglia associated with exacerbated cognitive dysfunction.

Obesity increases the morbidity and mortality of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Detailed analyses of transcriptomic changes in the brain and adipose tissue were performed to elucidate the interactive effects between high-fat diet-induced obesity (DIO) and TBI. Adult male mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks prior to experimental TBI and continuing after injury.

Archaeological evidence of resource utilisation of the great whales over the past two millennia: A systematic review protocol.

Archaeological faunal remains provide key insights into human societies in the past, alongside information on previous resource utilisation and exploitation of wildlife populations. The great whales (Mysticete and sperm whales) were hunted unsustainably throughout the 16th - 20th centuries (herein defined as the modern period) leading to large population declines and variable recovery patterns among species. Humans have utilised whales as a resource through carcass scavenging for millennia; however, increasing local and regional ethnographic and archaeological evidence suggests that, prior to the modern period, hunting of the great whales was more common than previously thought; impacts of earlier hunting pressures on the population ecology of many whale species remains relatively unknown.

The role of BST4 in the pyrenoid of .

In many eukaryotic algae, CO fixation by Rubisco is enhanced by a CO-concentrating mechanism, which utilizes a Rubisco-rich organelle called the pyrenoid. The pyrenoid is traversed by a network of thylakoid-membranes called pyrenoid tubules, proposed to deliver CO. In the model alga (), the pyrenoid tubules have been proposed to be tethered to the Rubisco matrix by a bestrophin-like transmembrane protein, BST4.

The impact of Longitudinal Integrated Foundation Training: preliminary experiences in the United Kingdom.

Background: The United Kingdom health system is challenged with retaining doctors entering specialty training directly after their second foundation year. Improving doctors' training experience during the foundation programme may aid such retention. The Longitudinal Integrated Foundation Training (LIFT) pilot scheme aimed to provide a programme that improves the quality of their foundation training experience, advance patient-centred care and provide doctors with more experience in the primary care settings.

Holocene deglaciation drove rapid genetic diversification of Atlantic walrus.

Rapid global warming is severely impacting Arctic ecosystems and is predicted to transform the abundance, distribution and genetic diversity of Arctic species, though these linkages are poorly understood. We address this gap in knowledge using palaeogenomics to examine how earlier periods of global warming influenced the genetic diversity of Atlantic walrus (), a species closely associated with sea ice and shallow-water habitats. We analysed 82 ancient and historical Atlantic walrus mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes), including now-extinct populations in Iceland and the Canadian Maritimes, to reconstruct the Atlantic walrus' response to Arctic deglaciation.

The prelude to industrial whaling: identifying the targets of ancient European whaling using zooarchaeology and collagen mass-peptide fingerprinting.

Taxonomic identification of whale bones found during archaeological excavations is problematic due to their typically fragmented state. This difficulty limits understanding of both the past spatio-temporal distributions of whale populations and of possible early whaling activities. To overcome this challenge, we performed zooarchaeology by mass spectrometry on an unprecedented 719 archaeological and palaeontological specimens of probable whale bone from Atlantic European contexts, predominantly dating from 3500 BCE to the eighteenth century CE.

New challenges for the Human Oceans Past agenda.

We contend that the harvest of marine resources played a critical, but as yet underappreciated and poorly understood, role in global history. In a review of the field of marine environmental history and archaeology we conclude that while much progress has been made, especially in the last two decades, fundamental questions remain unanswered. In order to make full use of the rapid growth of Big Data and ongoing methodological breakthroughs there is a need for collaborative and comparative research.