Temporal mode transformations by sequential time and frequency phase modulation for applications in quantum information science.

Controlling the temporal mode shape of quantum light pulses has wide ranging application to quantum information science and technology. Techniques have been developed to control the bandwidth, allow shifting in the time and frequency domains, and perform mode-selective beam-splitter-like transformations. However, there is no present scheme to perform targeted multimode unitary transformations on temporal modes.

The homophilic adhesion molecule sidekick-1 contributes to augmented podocyte aggregation in HIV-associated nephropathy.

The collapsing glomerulopathy of HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) is characterized by podocyte dedifferentiation and proliferation. In affected glomeruli, proliferating podocytes adhere in aggregates to form glomerular pseudocrescents and fill an enlarged Bowman's space. Previously, we reported that sidekick-1 (sdk-1), an adhesion molecule of the immunoglobulin superfamily, was highly up-regulated in HIV-1 transgenic podocytes.