Lactic Acid Regulation: A Potential Therapeutic Option in Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, persistent autoimmune disease that causes severe joint tissue damage and irreversible disability. Cumulative evidence suggests that patients suffering from RA for long durations are at risk of functional damage to cardiovascular, kidney, lung, and other tissues. This seriously affects the quality of work and life of patients.

CP-25 ameliorates methotrexate induced nephrotoxicity via improving renal apoptosis and methotrexate excretion.

Paeoniflorin-6'-O-benzene sulfonate (CP-25) is a derivative of Paeoniflorin. We investigate beneficial effect of CP-25 on methotrexate (MTX) induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Plasma blood urea nitrogen (Bun), plasma creatinine (CREA), urine CREA and protein in the rats were quantitatively measured.

CP-25 improves nephropathy in collagen-induced arthritis rats by inhibiting the renal inflammatory response.

Paeoniflorin-6'-O-benzene sulfonate (CP-25) is a derivative of paeoniflorin. We previously confirmed that CP-25 inhibits inflammatory responses in several arthritis animal models. The aim of the present study was to investigate the beneficial effects of CP-25 on renal damage in rats with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA).

Regulation of CP-25 on P-glycoprotein in synoviocytes of rats with adjuvant arthritis.

Objective: Methotrexate (MTX) is a commonly used drug for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and it has been studied in RA resistance recently. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is one of the important transporters that mediate MTX resistance. This study investigated the effect of Paeoniflorin-6'-O-benzene sulfonate (code: CP-25) in the resistance of P-gp-mediated MTX to RA.

Methotrexate improves the anti-arthritic effects of Paeoniflorin-6'-O-benzene sulfonate by enhancing its pharmacokinetic properties in adjuvant-induced arthritis rats.

Paeoniflorin-6'-O-benzene sulfonate (CP-25), is a novel derivative of paeoniflorin (Pae) with improved anti-arthritic effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects and pharmacokinetics of CP-25 when co-administered with MTX in adjuvant-induced arthritis (AA) rats. AA rats were randomly divided into 6 groups and treated as follows: TGP (50 mg/kg/day, ig), CP-25 (50 mg/kg/day, ig), MTX (0.

Structure and Evolution of Glycogen Branching Enzyme N-Termini From Bacteria.

In bacteria, glycogen plays important roles in carbon and energy storage. Its structure has recently been linked with bacterial environmental durability. Among the essential genes for bacterial glycogen metabolism, the -encoded branching enzyme GBE plays an essential role in forming α-1,6-glycosidic branching points, and determines the unique branching patterns in glycogen.

Advances in detection and quantification of methylcytosine and its derivatives.

Methylation of the fifth carbon atom in cytosine is an epigenetic modification of deoxyribonucleic acid that plays important roles in numerous cellular processes and disease pathogenesis. Three additional states of cytosine, that is, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, 5-formylcytosine and 5-carboxylcytosine, have been identified and associated with the diagnosis and/or prognosis of diseases. However, accurate measurement of those intermediates is a challenge since their global levels are relatively low.

Distribution Patterns of Polyphosphate Metabolism Pathway and Its Relationships With Bacterial Durability and Virulence.

Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) is a linear polymer of orthophosphate residues. It is reported to be present in all life forms. Experimental studies showed that polyP plays important roles in bacterial durability and virulence.

The tissue distribution and excretion study of paeoniflorin-6'-O-benzene sulfonate (CP-25) in rats.

Paeoniflorin-6'-O-benzene sulfonate (code: CP-25) is a novel ester derivative of paeoniflorin (Pae). Compared to Pae, CP-25 has higher lipid solubility, bioavailability and better bioactivity. However, the tissue distribution and excretion of CP-25 still remain unknown.

Epigallocatechin gallate attenuates overload‑induced cardiac ECM remodeling via restoring T cell homeostasis.

It has previously been demonstrated that Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has regulatory effects on cellular immunity. The present study explored whether EGCG inhibits the overload‑induced cardiac extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling through targeting the balance of T cell subpopulations. Sprague‑Dawley rats were subjected to either transverse aortic constriction (TAC) or sham operation.

Anti-fibro-hepatocarcinogenic Chinese herbal medicines: A mechanistic overview.

Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) is an integral component of complementary/alternative medicine and it is increasingly becoming the preferred therapeutic modality for the treatment of liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. Accordingly, the World Health Organization (WHO) has attested to the popularity and efficacy of indigenous herbal therapies including CHM as a first line of treatment for some diseases including liver disorders. However, the WHO and drug discovery experts have always recommended that use of indigenous herbal remedies must go hand-in-hand with the requisite mechanistic elucidation so as to constitute a system of verification of efficacy within the ethnobotanical context of use.

Advances in plant-based inhibitors of P-glycoprotein.

Multidrug resistance (MDR) has emerged as the main problem in anti-cancer therapy. Although MDR involves complex factors and processes, the main pivot is the expression of multidrug efflux pumps. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) belongs to the family of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporters.

Effect of 6'-acetylpaeoniflorin on dinitrochlorobenzene-induced allergic contact dermatitis in BALB/c mice.

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a classical experimental model of allergic inflammatory skin disease, which is a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction that is mediated by hapten-specific T lymphocytes. The goal of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic profiles of 6'-acetylpaeoniflorin (6-AP) and the effect of 6-AP on the ACD model. 6-AP was synthesized from paeoniflorin (Pae) via acetylation, and the structure was confirmed.

Absorption characteristic of paeoniflorin-6'-O-benzene sulfonate (CP-25) in in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion in rats.

1. Paeoniflorin-6'-O-benzene sulfonate (CP-25) was synthesized to improve the poor oral absorption of paeoniflorin (Pae). 2.